Clinical Health Psychology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of Clinical Health Psychology?

  • To support optimal healthcare provision and improve clinical outcomes (correct)
  • To assess physical health conditions only
  • To conduct independent psychological research
  • To provide medication for mental disorders

Which of the following is a component of the approach taken by Clinical Health Psychologists?

  • Providing only psychological assessments
  • Focusing solely on physical examinations
  • Conducting uncontrolled clinical trials
  • Implementing Psychologically Informed Care Pathways (correct)

What type of care is emphasized in Clinical Health Psychology?

  • Standardized medical care without psychological input
  • Solely trauma-focused medical procedures
  • Psychologically Informed Environments (correct)
  • Generic health education for the public

Which factors might a Clinical Health Psychologist consider while working with patients?

<p>A combination of biological, psychological, and social interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the interventions provided by Clinical Health Psychologists?

<p>They involve care planning and delivery within a multidisciplinary context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology?

<p>Psychosocial problems impacting physical health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has there been a shift from a purely biomedical approach to the biopsychosocial model?

<p>Consumerism and advocacy for patient involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What detrimental impact can visible physical problems have on individuals?

<p>Worsened psychological wellbeing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of support may be essential for patients with long-term conditions?

<p>Psychotherapy and psychoeducation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to a vicious cycle of morbidity in health conditions?

<p>Unmet psychological and social needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what settings is clinical health psychology usually delivered?

<p>Acute settings and primary care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does adherence to treatment play in the biopsychosocial model?

<p>Poor adherence can lead to worse health status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group may benefit from specialized clinical health psychology services?

<p>Patients of all ages and conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases?

<p>Maintaining healthy behaviours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can supportive physical and social environments benefit individuals?

<p>They enable important activities despite capacity losses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

<p>Regular physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of premature cardiovascular disease deaths are considered preventable?

<p>80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach is essential in public-health responses to aging?

<p>Considering both individual and environmental factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is aimed at managing stress, distress, anxiety and depression?

<p>Family/systemic therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not primarily addressed to reduce cardiovascular disease?

<p>Social media usage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) primarily aim to improve?

<p>Cognitive function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the cognitive adaptation theory?

<p>Search for meaning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does post-traumatic growth (PTG) focus on?

<p>Improvement in life quality despite adversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing adherence to treatment?

<p>Personal motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective is presented in the definition of health by WHO?

<p>A multifaceted state including social factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents the idea of 'health and illness as two countries'?

<p>One can shift between health and illness throughout life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main determinants of health among older people according to the content?

<p>Socioeconomic status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Silver Lining Questionnaire is associated with which concept?

<p>Positive psychology and growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cognitive coping process involves which of the following actions?

<p>Searching for meaning and mastery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of heart attack or stroke?

<p>Regular physical activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological aspect can influence an individual's belief about the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack?

<p>Belief in susceptibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is suggested as part of cardiac rehabilitation to improve patient outcomes?

<p>Involvement of psychologists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programs benefit cardiovascular patients?

<p>It can improve self-efficacy and quality of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of cancer?

<p>Stopping smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is NOT identified as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD)?

<p>Consuming a balanced diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about smoking in relation to stress?

<p>Smoking can help cope with stress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of deprivation on cancer incidence?

<p>Cancer incidence is higher in deprived areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage increase in alcohol-specific deaths in England from 2019 to 2020?

<p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a social impact of harmful alcohol use?

<p>Improved social relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must healthcare settings ensure to preserve client dignity during sessions?

<p>Client dignity, privacy, and confidentiality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when establishing a rationale as a clinical health psychologist?

<p>Acknowledging the medical route of referral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommendation for therapists to address client discomfort during sessions?

<p>Invite clients to express discomfort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to engagement issues for clients according to the considerations for assessment?

<p>Poor communication of referrals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when structuring problems during a therapy session?

<p>Physical and broader psychosocial issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is familiarity with medical terminology important for therapists?

<p>To avoid feeling overwhelmed during therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Clinical Health Psychology?

Clinical Health Psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on understanding and improving physical health outcomes using psychological principles and methods.

What does a Clinical Health Psychologist do?

Clinical Health Psychologists contribute to optimal healthcare by applying evidence-based interventions and promoting psychologically informed care.

What are the key factors involved?

Clinical Health Psychology considers the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in relation to physical health.

What types of conditions are addressed?

Clinical Health Psychologists work with a variety of physical health conditions, tailoring their interventions to address specific needs.

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What are some typical interventions?

Clinical Health Psychologists utilize a wide range of interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, and stress management skills.

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Why is CHP important?

CHP involves applying psychological knowledge to healthcare settings, helping individuals cope with physical health issues and promoting healthy behaviors.

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What is the biopsychosocial model?

The biopsychosocial model emphasizes that physical health is influenced by biological factors (e.g., genetics), psychological factors (e.g., stress), and social factors (e.g., support network).

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How can physical health affect mental health?

Long-term conditions can impact psychological wellbeing, leading to depression, anxiety, or social withdrawal due to factors like discomfort, limitations, or societal stigma.

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How can mental health affect physical health?

Psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression, can negatively influence physical health, increasing the risk of illness, worsening symptoms, and hindering treatment adherence.

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Where is CHP practiced?

CHP services are often offered in hospitals, clinics, and community settings, addressing various physical health issues and age groups, including pediatrics and geriatrics.

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What do CHP professionals do?

CHP practitioners help individuals cope with the challenges of illness and disability by addressing psychological, social, and behavioral factors.

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What aspects of health does CHP address?

CHP focuses on factors like illness perception, treatment adherence, recovery outcomes, quality of life, and coping mechanisms used by patients and their support networks.

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Crisis Theory

A model explaining how people cope with major life changes and crises, including cognitive appraisal of the event, adaptive tasks, and coping skills.

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Cognitive Adaptation Theory

A theory that emphasizes the importance of finding meaning and control in the face of a major life event, leading to self-enhancement.

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Post-traumatic Growth

A model that suggests people can grow and benefit from traumatic experiences, focusing on positive transformations beyond simply returning to 'normal'.

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Silver Lining Questionnaire

The Silver Lining Questionnaire is a tool for identifying and measuring post-traumatic growth, focusing on positive changes in life outlook, relationships, and appreciation for life.

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Adherence to Treatment

Refers to the degree to which a person follows their recommended medical treatment plan.

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Health

A broad concept encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease.

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Determinants of Health

Factors that influence an individual's health, including personal, social, and environmental factors.

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Illness Representations

Individuals' perceptions and understanding of their illnesses, which can significantly influence their coping strategies and adherence to treatment.

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Early Life Impacts Aging

Early life experiences, including those in the womb, can have lasting effects on how we age.

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Environmental Factors and Health

Environmental factors like access to healthy food, safe places to exercise, and supportive social networks play a role in influencing health outcomes.

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Healthy Behaviors for Aging

Maintaining healthy habits throughout life, such as a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking, helps reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being.

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Supportive Environments for Aging

Supportive environments—like accessible public spaces, transportation systems, and walkable areas—make it easier for people to engage in healthy activities and maintain their independence as they age.

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Socioeconomic Factors and CVD

Addressing the socio-economic factors that contribute to health disparities is important for reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.

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Psychosocial Interventions for Dementia

Strategies that address the psychological and social aspects of dementia can help improve quality of life and manage symptoms.

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Preventing CVD

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health issue, and a significant portion of premature deaths from CVD could be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors.

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Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST)

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a structured intervention designed to improve and maintain cognitive function in individuals with dementia.

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Social factors and heart disease

Factors like living in cold homes, low income, debt or poor-quality housing can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.

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Health Beliefs Model and heart disease

Beliefs about susceptibility, seriousness, costs, and benefits of health behaviors can influence how people manage their health.

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Illness perceptions in heart disease

People's perceptions of heart disease, such as its severity and how it affects their lives, can influence their coping strategies and recovery outcomes.

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Psychology in cardiac rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation programs often involve psychologists to address psychological factors influencing recovery and promote healthy behaviors.

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Self-management interventions for heart disease

Self-management support interventions, like 'The Heart Manual', offer strategies to help individuals manage heart disease effectively.

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MBSR for cardiovascular disease

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) can enhance self-efficacy and quality of life in individuals with cardiovascular disease.

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CBT for cardiovascular disease

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be effective in reducing depression and anxiety in patients with cardiovascular disease.

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Lifestyle factors and cancer risk

Obesity and alcohol consumption significantly increase the risk of developing various cancers.

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Social Impact of Alcohol Use

The psychological impact of alcohol use is significant, including increased risk of accidents, violence, child neglect, and antisocial behaviour.

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Establishing a Rationale for Psychological Intervention

Clinical health psychologists acknowledge the medical referral and tailor their approach to address psychological factors contributing to the patient's health condition.

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Preserving Client Dignity and Privacy

To build trust and ensure honesty, clinical health psychologists prioritize client dignity, privacy, and confidentiality in healthcare settings.

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Prioritizing Problems: Physical and Psychosocial

Addressing the physical and broader psychosocial needs of patients, including their personal and social challenges, is crucial for effective care in healthcare settings.

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Flexibility in Timing and Movement

In healthcare settings, it's important to ensure that the patient's comfort and well-being are paramount, prompting flexibility and adaptation in session structure and delivery.

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Navigating the Medical Context

Clinical health psychologists need to be familiar with medical terminology and navigate a medical context where their expertise is often not primary.

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Fostering Honesty and Trust

Clinical health psychologists, like other healthcare professionals, play a critical role in promoting honesty and trust between patients and healthcare providers.

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Engagement and Wariness

Patients, especially those referred from a medical setting, may be wary or hesitant about engaging with a psychologist, requiring skilled communication and rapport-building.

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Study Notes

Clinical Health Psychology

  • Clinical Health Psychology is a specialty focused on understanding the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in physical health.
  • A Clinical Health Psychologist studies how theoretical models explain these complex interactions.
  • They identify various physical health conditions, and the factors contributing to them.

Psychosocial Interventions

  • Psychosocial interventions aim to address concerns related to physical health conditions.
  • These interventions encompass a wide range of strategies used to help patients cope.

Psychologically Informed Care Pathways

  • Psychologically Informed Care Pathways, including Psychologically Informed Environments and Trauma-Informed Care, are crucial aspects of optimal healthcare.
  • This approach emphasizes utilizing evidence-based care pathways, and improving clinical outcomes for patients.

Important Considerations for Clinical Health Psychologists

  • Psychosocial issues such as depression, anxiety, and embarrassment can significantly impact patient outcomes and health status.
  • This includes both direct impacts (psychoneuroimmunological pathways), and indirect impacts (poor adherence to treatment).
  • Therefore, interventions for physical health conditions should also target these psychosocial factors.
  • Psychological support, psychoeducation, and social care are critical in addressing the broader health needs of individuals.
  • Consideration for age, specific conditions, and cultural context is important for effective care and interventions.

Difficulties Coped With in Ill Health

  • Significant difficulties individuals face due to illness include illness symptoms, treatment, recovery/complications, quality of life, family/carers/staff, and healthcare utilisation.

Patient Experiences and MS

  • Personal experiences of individuals with multiple sclerosis are greatly impacted by a myriad of factors, including physical symptoms, emotions, family/staff support, and healthcare access.
  • Multiple factors contribute to a holistic approach to care, diagnosis, and treatment of MS.

Understanding Multiple Sclerosis

  • The impact of MS can affect various aspects of a person's health, including psychological wellbeing, social interactions, and life quality.

Challenges of Chronic Illness

  • Chronic illness can pose major challenges, including but not limited to physical symptoms, social/work adjustments, psychological distress, and financial strain.
  • This includes emotional responses to the illness, as well as perceptions of how long the illness will last and the ability to control its progression/outcome.
  • Patients actively engage in attempts to understand their symptoms, and seek different strategies to cope with their illness.
  • This involves considering their current emotional state, how they cope with such illness, and the factors impacting these coping styles.

Illness Representations and Adherence to Treatment

  • Individual perceptions of symptoms, how serious the illness is, and their belief in the treatment, along with family/social support, greatly influence whether and how individuals adhere to treatment.

Therapeutic Approaches and Interventions

  • Providing psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and psychosocial support is important when treating individuals with chronic health conditions.
  • Various therapeutic models and approaches, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), can be utilized for symptom management, and improving health outcomes.
  • Consideration of the patients' culture, and socioeconomic situations is crucial in ensuring that such interventions are appropriate and effective.

Additional Considerations in Clinical Practice

  • Ensuring patient dignity, confidentiality, and privacy is paramount in the medical/clinical setting.
  • Active listening, cultural sensitivity, flexible timing and addressing psychosocial factors are crucial components of effective care delivery.
  • The Psychologist must acknowledge the patient's experience, and shape the method/approach accordingly.
  • The psychologist's role and approach needs to respect and align with the patient's needs.

Key Factors Affecting Health in Different Populations

  • Socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental aspects significantly influence health.
  • Factors such as education, work environment, living conditions, and individual lifestyle have long-term effects on health.
  • These factors also impact aging and disease development.
  • Understanding these factors and tailored interventions are crucial.

Specific Health Conditions and Risks

  • Obesity and alcohol use contribute to several types of cancer, highlighting the importance of nutritional factors.
  • Smoking, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption are significant risk factors associated with chronic health issues such as CVD.
  • Preventive measures for these conditions are critical, and address the wider determinants of health (e.g., housing, income).
  • Understanding the complex interplay of factors associated with disease progression and outcomes.

Additional Information

  • The WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not simply the absence of disease.
  • Recent definitions often extend this to include cultural, psychosocial, and economic factors.

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Intro to Clinical Health Psych UG Lecture 29.10.2024

Description

Explore the key concepts and principles of Clinical Health Psychology through this quiz. Understand the biopsychosocial model, the role of psychological factors in health, and the various interventions used by Clinical Health Psychologists. Test your knowledge on the importance of a comprehensive approach to patient care.

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