Continuation of chapter 7 animal medicine Matching

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Ventilation in anesthetized animals

Accumulation of CO₂, causing respiratory acidosis = Hypercarbia Reduced oxygen uptake, risking tissue hypoxia = Hypoxemia Partial collapse of alveoli due to insufficient lung expansion = Atelectasis

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Manual ventilation

Performed every 2–5 minutes to expand alveoli and prevent atelectasis. = Periodic ! = ! Required for cases of preexisting heart or lung disease. = Intermittent mandatory @ = @

Risks of controlled ventilation

Over-pressurization of the lungs = Alveolar rupture Excessive CO₂ removal = Respiratory alkalosis Over-inflation of the thoracic cavity compresses blood vessels = Decreased cardiac output

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Anasthasia

Use of drugs to temporarily block sensation by disrupting nerve impulses. = Local anesthesia Blocks pain in specific regions of the body, commonly used in large animals. = Epidural anesthesia Temporary loss of autonomic nervous system function. = Sympathetic blockade <code>=</code> Signup and view all the answers

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Transmits sensory signals like pain = Sensory neuron Controls movement and can be affected during certain blocks = Motor neuron Various techniques for applying local anesthetics = Infiltration, Line Block, Nerve Block, Ring Block, Splash Block ~ = ~ Signup and view all the answers

Local anesthetic agents

Quick onset, moderate duration, and versatile application (skin/mucous membranes). = Lidocaine Slower onset, longer duration, used for prolonged pain control. = Bupivicaine Known for less tissue irritation. = Mepivicaine For eye procedures. = Procaine, tetracaine, proparacaine Signup and view all the answers

Blocks

<h1>A line of anesthetic between the surgical site and the spinal cord. = Line block Encircles a body part, useful in surgeries like teat or wound repair. = Ring block</h1> A form of intravenous regional anesthesia using a tourniquet to restrict blood flow. = Bier block Signup and view all the answers

Assisted and controlled ventilation

Risks = Include respiratory alkalosis, alveolar rupture, and reduced cardiac output. Helps patients inhale more effectively. = Assisted ventilation Fully controls respiration in cases of inadequate breathing. = Controlled ventilation <ul> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

NMBAs

Fast onset but no reversal agents. = Depolarizing agents Reversible with anticholinesterase drugs. = Nondepolarizing agents 1 = 1 2 = 2 Signup and view all the answers

Risks of controlled ventilation

Caused by excessive airway pressure, resulting in pneumothorax. = Ruptured alveoli Over-inflation of the lungs compresses thoracic blood vessels, reducing venous return. = Decreased cardiac output Over-ventilation removes excessive CO₂, disturbing blood pH balance. = Respiratory alkalosis Potential overdose due to prolonged exposure. = Increased Inhalant Anesthetic Delivery Signup and view all the answers