Clinical Entomology Seminar MB-19

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Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of using adhesive traps in cockroach control?

They allow for early detection of population resurgence. (correct)

They provide long-term protection against all pests.

They have no negative impact on the environment.

They eliminate existing cockroach populations instantly.

Which of the following insecticides has shown to be the most effective against cockroaches?

Malathion

Deltamethrin

Chlorpyrifos

Lambda-cyhalothrin (correct)

What is the purpose of combining insecticides with growth regulators?

To eliminate the need for protective equipment.

To inhibit the normal growth of immature life stages. (correct)

To increase the immediate toxic effect on adult cockroaches.

To reduce the application frequency of insecticides.

What is a distinguishing feature of insecticide formulations that are considered contact insecticides?

They have a gradual release of active ingredients. Signup and view all the answers

Which biocontrol method is used for targeting Periplaneta americana?

Natural enemies such as Evania appendigaster. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of formulations that include abamectin and ortho-boric acid?

They are toxic to multiple cockroach species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical length range of adults of the species described?

34-53 millimeters Signup and view all the answers

What significant health risks are associated with this cockroach species?

Transmission of various human pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How many eggs can females of this species produce in their lifetime?

Which of the following pathogens is NOT transmitted by Periplaneta americana?

Helicobacter pylori Signup and view all the answers

What type of symptoms can allergies from this cockroach species cause?

Skin reactions and asthmatic symptoms Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for nymphs of this species to complete their development?

1-2 years Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable morphological feature of the German cockroach?

Hard exoskeleton with a shiny finish Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical lifespan of Blatella germanica in domestic settings?

130 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific shape of the abdomen in this cockroach species?

Segmented and oval Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the length and width of the cercos in this species?

5-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of cockroaches in the Blattaria order?

They possess functional wings in all species. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key ecological role of cockroaches in urban and nosocomial environments?

Transmit various pathogens including viruses and bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species is NOT mentioned as having clinical importance?

Nysius raphanus Signup and view all the answers

What type of habitat is commonly associated with the majority of cockroach species?

Tropical humid forests. Signup and view all the answers

How are the jaws of cockroaches adapted functionally?

Specialized for grinding and scraping. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is specifically noted about female Blatta orientalis?

They have significantly reduced and non-functional wings. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the suborder Blattaria, which genus is NOT recognized as having public health relevance in Costa Rica?

Ceratophyllus Signup and view all the answers

What notable diversity exists within the Blattaria suborder?

Over 4000 species have been documented. Signup and view all the answers

Which physical feature is prevalent in cockroaches that helps in their environmental adaptation?

Their small head that hides under the pronotum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of adult cockroaches?

10-20 mm Signup and view all the answers

How many days does it take for cockroach nymphs to complete their development?

7 to 12 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms can cockroaches serve as mechanical vectors for?

A variety of microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the key physical difference in the appearance of male and female cockroaches?

Size and shape of the abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of time intervals for the production of oothecae by female cockroaches?

20 to 25 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a bacteria that cockroaches can transport?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

What type of allergic reactions can cockroaches potentially cause?

Skin rashes and asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of the oothecae produced by female cockroaches?

6 to 9 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses can be associated with cockroaches?

Poliovirus Signup and view all the answers

In addition to carrying pathogens, what other impact do cockroaches have on food safety?

They produce foul odors from waste and secretions. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Blattella germanica contributes significantly to its ability to establish large populations in short periods?

High reproductive capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which allergen has NOT been identified in Periplaneta americana?

Per a 5 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the reproductive patterns of Periplaneta americana?

Its reproduction is dependent on food availability and environmental conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding allergens and asthma is accurate?

Periplaneta americana allergens are associated with increased asthma morbidity in children. Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration for which Blatella germanica carries its egg capsule before hatching?

Approximately one month Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the reproductive potential of Blattella germanica from other cockroach species?

It exhibits the highest reproductive rate among home-infesting cockroaches. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the population dynamics of Periplaneta americana?

Optimal environmental conditions and food availability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana in terms of allergen sensitization?

There is a high correlation in sensitization between both species. Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factor can negatively affect the reproductive rate of Periplaneta americana?

Food scarcity Signup and view all the answers

What role does human living conditions play regarding allergic reactions to cockroaches?

Poor living conditions can increase the likelihood of exposure to cockroach allergens. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Blattaria

Suborder Blattaria encompasses cockroaches, with over 4,000 described species; only 18 are recognized as domestic pests.
Primarily found in Neotropical regions, especially tropical rainforests; adaptable to cold climates such as Periplaneta americana.
Habitats include decomposing trunks, under rocks, leaf litter, caves, streams, and animal nests.
Serve as mechanical vectors for fungi, viruses, and bacteria, significantly impacting urban and healthcare environments.
Notable species affecting public health in Costa Rica include Periplaneta, Blattella, Rhyparobia, Eurycotis, Blaberus, and Archimandrita.

Life Cycle and Morphology

Cockroaches in the Blattaria order have flattened bodies, measuring 10-50 mm, with hard, shiny exoskeletons.
Characterized by small heads, long filiform antennae, and two pairs of wings; some species show wing reduction.
Adult cockroaches undergo molts, with the nymph stage finishing development in 1.5 to 2 years.
Female cockroaches produce oothecae (egg cases) containing 12-16 embryos, laying eggs 9-10 times throughout their lives.
Important vectors for human pathogens, responsible for diseases like dysentery, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia.

Health Impacts

Blattella germanica: Known as German cockroach, major household pest, living about 130 days; small (10-20 mm), with sexual dimorphism.
Females produce oothecae containing 30-40 embryos every 20-25 days, with the potential for four to eight oothecae produced in a lifetime.
Known carriers of multiple pathogens including E. coli, Salmonella typhi, and Giardia intestinalis, contributing to various infections.
Allergens linked to cockroaches can cause reactions like sneezing, skin irritations, and potential asthma development.

Reproductive Characteristics

Blattella germanica: Rapid reproduction due to short lifecycle; high fecundity allows quick population increases.
Periplaneta americana: Population fluctuations based on food availability and environmental conditions; optimal conditions lead to growth.

Allergens

Multiple allergens identified in Periplaneta americana (Per a 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9) correlated with increased asthma morbidity, especially in urban children.
Both species, Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana, identified as allergens in patients.

Control Measures

Integrated pest management approaches required for effective control, combining chemical and non-chemical methods.
Use of glue traps aids in early detection; inorganic insecticides like Lambda-cyhalothrin show effectiveness against cockroach populations.
Formulations containing growth regulators hinder immature life stage development, impacting reproductive capabilities.
Powder formulations like boric acid and Drione powder provide protection in pesticide-sensitive environments like hospitals.
Granular baits with abamectin and gel baits (0.03% fipronil) offer prolonged protection, with formulations from paints releasing insecticides gradually.

Biocontrol

Natural enemies such as Evania appendigaster and Aprostocetus hagenowii used for controlling Periplaneta americana via parasitism of oothecae.

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Description

Dive into the fascinating world of Blattaria, commonly known as cockroaches, in this clinical entomology seminar. Explore their characteristics, behaviors, and significance in medical science. Join your fellow students in understanding this diverse group of insects.