Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)?

To standardize all healthcare practices, leaving no room for individualization.
To replace clinical judgment with automated decisions.
To optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical decisions and care delivery. (correct)
To minimize the use of technology in healthcare settings.

A CDSS is designed to replace healthcare providers in making decisions about patient care.

False (B)

Name one of the two early and well-known systems that were developed to assist nurses with care, planning and intervention.

COMMES or CANDI

A CDSS has a ______ base designed for the clinician involved in patient care to aid in clinical decision-making.

knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDSS with their described usage:

ONCOCIN = Developed for oncology protocol management at Stanford. CASNET = Developed at Rutgers University for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. ABEL = An expert system developed at MIT that used causal reasoning to manage acid-base and electrolyte imbalance. Signup and view all the answers

According to COIERA (1994), what role does CDSS play in healthcare?

Augmenting human performance and providing assistance for tasks subject to human error. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Nursing decision support systems (NDSS) are designed to replace nurses' judgment in patient care.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name the rule-based expert system used to diagnose and recommend treatment for certain blood infections was functional in 1976?

MYCIN Signup and view all the answers

According to one definition, CDSS includes a set of ______-based tools that can be fully integrated with the clinical data embedded in the computerized patient record.

knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Match the CDSS source with its described use case:

CURE = Carotid U.S Report Enhancement, Washington University, St.Louis. ORAD = Oral radiographic differential diagnosis. PIER = Physicians' information and education resource Signup and view all the answers

Which function of CDSS involves tracking orders, referrals, follow-ups, and preventive care?

Management of clinical complexity and details (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Sims et al., all treatments used for patient care in internal and family medicine are supported with evidence of efficacy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In 1972, which university developed one of the earliest known CDSS designed to support diagnosis of acute abdominal pain?

Leeds University Signup and view all the answers

Miller and Masarie called the approach used in their CDSS a '______' approach whereby the DSS serves as a vehicle to provide guidance, but the user remains in control.

catalyst Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of DSS with their primary characteristic:

Data-based systems = Capitalize on the fundamental input into any intelligent system, data. Model-based DSS = Driven by access to and manipulation of a statistical, financial, optimization, and/or simulation model. Knowledge-based systems = Rely on expert knowledge that is either embedded in the system or accessible from another source. Signup and view all the answers

Which key CDSS function involves monitoring medication orders and avoiding duplicate or unnecessary tests?

Cost control (C) Signup and view all the answers

A CDSS is a 'rule' system, not a 'tool' system.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Identify one of the two characteristics according to Teich and Wrinn.

Logical or Structural Signup and view all the answers

According to Teich and Wrinn, the ______ characteristic includes triggering, dispatching, rule logic, process control, notification/acknowledgement, action choices, action execution, and rule editor.

structural Signup and view all the answers

Match the following description with the appropriate CDSS terminology:

Functional = Feedback provided to the clinician, the organization of data, extent of proactive information provided. Integrated real-time patient database = Needed to provide context for results interpretation Data-drive mechanism = Allows event triggers to go into effect and activate alerts and reminders automatically Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of early CDSS?

Diagnosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Tan and Sheps, the first step is observation of record of an expert problem solving for the case using think aloud

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the essential elements needed for an informatics infrastructure?

Standardized vocabularies, Computer based methods, or Integrated clinical information system Signup and view all the answers

It includes substitute therapy alerts, drug family checking, structured entry, consequent actions: that is ______?

Logical Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the corresponding component of evaluation of CDSS five elements

Knowledge engineer = Knowledge representation scheme used in the system Time-driven mechanism = Execution of programs at a specific time Long-term clinical data repository = Data collected over time from a variety of sources allowing a longitudinal patient record Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Automated tools designed to support decision-making activities and improve the decision-making process and decision outcomes.

Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)

A CDSS is tailored for healthcare, assisting providers in making decisions about patient care delivery.

Primary goal of CDSS

To optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical decisions and care delivery.

Nursing Decision Support Systems (NDSS)

Tools that help nurses improve their effectiveness and identify areas needing policy or protocol development.