Clinical Decision Making Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of clinical decision making?

  • To produce an operational decision (correct)
  • To recognize problems
  • To identify cues or relevant clinical features
  • To generate action

    • What is the main outcome of sound decision making and operational decisions?

  • Fully informed assessments
  • Astute, analytic judgements
  • Effective clinical practice (correct)
  • Data gathering, assimilation and analysis

    • What is the role of data gathering, assimilation, and analysis in clinical decision making?

  • Part of the evaluation process
  • Part of the problem recognition process
  • Part of the assessment process (correct)
  • Part of the decision analysis process

    • What is the stage in decision analysis where a problem is identified?

    <p>Defining the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cognitive process concerned with problem recognition through the identification of cues or of relevant clinical features?

    <p>Clinical decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of a clinical decision support system?

    <p>To support clinical decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of a fully informed assessment?

    <p>Sound decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of evaluating and choosing an option in clinical decision making?

    <p>Evaluation and choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the assessment in clinical judgement?

    <p>Clinical judgement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clinical judgement attributes explain a problem?

    <p>Causal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an operational decision based on?

    <p>Judgement choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of rules of thumb, heuristics and bias?

    <p>To access a vast amount of knowledge and information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clinical judgement expresses a qualitative difference?

    <p>Evaluative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the availability heuristic used for?

    <p>To use information closest to hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of operational decisions?

    <p>Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between operational decisions and judgement?

    <p>Operational decisions are based on judgement choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge is usually intuitive and has no rational or logical explanation?

    <p>Aesthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Social Judgement Theory?

    <p>To answer the question: Did the clinician get it right?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three factors that influence an individual's position on an issue according to Social Judgement Theory?

    <p>Anchor, alternatives, and personal ego-involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Cognitive Continuum Theory?

    <p>Reasoning is a continuum between intuitive and analytical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cognitive Continuum Theory rely on?

    <p>The complexity of the task, clarity of the task, and time available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge is related to moral experiences gained through life?

    <p>Ethical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two important domains impact on the assessment and decision-making process?

    <p>Domain-specific knowledge and prior knowledge of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What question does Cognitive Continuum Theory help to answer?

    <p>How did the healthcare professional get it right?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the facilitating factors for nurses in Ethiopia according to the study?

    <p>Continuous supervision and feedback from immediate supervisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that is seen as extra personal, indicating that an increase in one's power must be balanced with a decrease in someone else's power?

    <p>Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of health workers in patient empowerment?

    <p>To facilitate and support patient empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the patient's position in clinical decision making?

    <p>Moving towards being a customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that is linked to personal choice and personal rights?

    <p>Participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of patient empowerment?

    <p>To have an impact on one's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major responsibility of health practitioners in decision making?

    <p>To invite patients as active partners in decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the dimensions of patient participation, including collaboration, partnership, and involvement, sometimes imply?

    <p>Only superficial participation in decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that can both facilitate and inhibit patient participation in decision making?

    <p>Access to information, quality of professional-patient relationship, time, actual medical situation, and personal characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the autonomy of patients in the final phase of life be categorized?

    <p>On a scale from self-determination to non-participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approach to involving relatives in the care of patients in the final phase of life?

    <p>Using the categories to know, to be, and to do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of health practitioners in promoting patient participation in decision making?

    <p>To invite patients as active partners in decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Clinical Decision Making

    • Clinical decision making is a cognitive process concerned with problem recognition, data gathering, assimilation, analysis, evaluation, and choice, to produce an operational decision.
    • It involves the identification of cues or relevant clinical features, assessment, and judgement.

    Factors Affecting Clinical Decision Making

    • Rules of thumb, heuristics, and bias are shortcuts used by healthcare professionals when making judgments and decisions.
    • The availability heuristic tends to use information closest to hand.
    • Types of knowledge used in clinical decision making include:
      • Empirical: scientific, technical, or factual knowledge
      • Ethical: moral experiences gained through life
      • Aesthetic: intuitive, with no rational/logical explanation
      • Personal: self-knowledge, prejudices, and biases
      • Socio-political: social, economic, and political considerations relevant to the society

    Judgements

    • Social judgement theory (SJT) explains how clinicians come to different decisions despite being presented with the same set of cues.
    • SJT claims that an individual's position on an issue depends on their anchor, alternatives, and personal ego-involvement.
    • Cognitive continuum theory suggests that reasoning is neither purely intuitive nor purely analytical, but rather a continuum between the two poles.

    Role of Patient in Clinical Decision Making

    • There is a growing consensus that patients should be more involved in their own care, with a move towards being a customer.
    • Patient participation is linked to the concepts of power and empowerment.
    • Empowerment is an individual process in which the person interacts with the environment to pursue an impact on their life.
    • Healthcare practitioners should facilitate and support patient empowerment, rather than trying to empower them.
    • Patient participation involves collaboration, partnership, and involvement, and is influenced by factors such as access to information, quality of professional-patient relationship, time, and personal characteristics.

    Factors Facilitating/Inhibiting Patient Participation

    • The same factors can both facilitate or work against patient participation in decision making, including access to information, quality of professional-patient relationship, time, and personal characteristics.
    • The autonomy of patients in the final phase of life can be categorized on a scale from self-determination to non-participation.

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    Related Documents

    BDTS 216: Clinical Reasoning & Decision Making Lecture 2 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the cognitive process of clinical decision making, including problem recognition, data gathering, and judgment. It also explores the factors that influence decision making, such as rules of thumb, heuristics, and bias.

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