Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of clinical decision making?
What is the primary goal of clinical decision making?
- To produce an operational decision (correct)
- To recognize problems
- To identify cues or relevant clinical features
- To generate action
What is the main outcome of sound decision making and operational decisions?
What is the main outcome of sound decision making and operational decisions?
- Fully informed assessments
- Astute, analytic judgements
- Effective clinical practice (correct)
- Data gathering, assimilation and analysis
What is the role of data gathering, assimilation, and analysis in clinical decision making?
What is the role of data gathering, assimilation, and analysis in clinical decision making?
- Part of the evaluation process
- Part of the problem recognition process
- Part of the assessment process (correct)
- Part of the decision analysis process
What is the stage in decision analysis where a problem is identified?
What is the stage in decision analysis where a problem is identified?
What is the cognitive process concerned with problem recognition through the identification of cues or of relevant clinical features?
What is the cognitive process concerned with problem recognition through the identification of cues or of relevant clinical features?
What is the primary objective of a clinical decision support system?
What is the primary objective of a clinical decision support system?
What is the outcome of a fully informed assessment?
What is the outcome of a fully informed assessment?
What is the process of evaluating and choosing an option in clinical decision making?
What is the process of evaluating and choosing an option in clinical decision making?
What is the outcome of the assessment in clinical judgement?
What is the outcome of the assessment in clinical judgement?
What type of clinical judgement attributes explain a problem?
What type of clinical judgement attributes explain a problem?
What is an operational decision based on?
What is an operational decision based on?
What is the main purpose of rules of thumb, heuristics and bias?
What is the main purpose of rules of thumb, heuristics and bias?
What type of clinical judgement expresses a qualitative difference?
What type of clinical judgement expresses a qualitative difference?
What is the availability heuristic used for?
What is the availability heuristic used for?
What is the focus of operational decisions?
What is the focus of operational decisions?
What is the relationship between operational decisions and judgement?
What is the relationship between operational decisions and judgement?
What type of knowledge is usually intuitive and has no rational or logical explanation?
What type of knowledge is usually intuitive and has no rational or logical explanation?
What is the main purpose of Social Judgement Theory?
What is the main purpose of Social Judgement Theory?
What are the three factors that influence an individual's position on an issue according to Social Judgement Theory?
What are the three factors that influence an individual's position on an issue according to Social Judgement Theory?
What is the main idea behind Cognitive Continuum Theory?
What is the main idea behind Cognitive Continuum Theory?
What does Cognitive Continuum Theory rely on?
What does Cognitive Continuum Theory rely on?
What type of knowledge is related to moral experiences gained through life?
What type of knowledge is related to moral experiences gained through life?
What two important domains impact on the assessment and decision-making process?
What two important domains impact on the assessment and decision-making process?
What question does Cognitive Continuum Theory help to answer?
What question does Cognitive Continuum Theory help to answer?
What is one of the facilitating factors for nurses in Ethiopia according to the study?
What is one of the facilitating factors for nurses in Ethiopia according to the study?
What is the concept that is seen as extra personal, indicating that an increase in one's power must be balanced with a decrease in someone else's power?
What is the concept that is seen as extra personal, indicating that an increase in one's power must be balanced with a decrease in someone else's power?
What is the role of health workers in patient empowerment?
What is the role of health workers in patient empowerment?
What is the direction of the patient's position in clinical decision making?
What is the direction of the patient's position in clinical decision making?
What is the concept that is linked to personal choice and personal rights?
What is the concept that is linked to personal choice and personal rights?
What is the goal of patient empowerment?
What is the goal of patient empowerment?
What is the major responsibility of health practitioners in decision making?
What is the major responsibility of health practitioners in decision making?
What do the dimensions of patient participation, including collaboration, partnership, and involvement, sometimes imply?
What do the dimensions of patient participation, including collaboration, partnership, and involvement, sometimes imply?
What are the factors that can both facilitate and inhibit patient participation in decision making?
What are the factors that can both facilitate and inhibit patient participation in decision making?
How can the autonomy of patients in the final phase of life be categorized?
How can the autonomy of patients in the final phase of life be categorized?
What is the approach to involving relatives in the care of patients in the final phase of life?
What is the approach to involving relatives in the care of patients in the final phase of life?
What is the role of health practitioners in promoting patient participation in decision making?
What is the role of health practitioners in promoting patient participation in decision making?
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Study Notes
Clinical Decision Making
- Clinical decision making is a cognitive process concerned with problem recognition, data gathering, assimilation, analysis, evaluation, and choice, to produce an operational decision.
- It involves the identification of cues or relevant clinical features, assessment, and judgement.
Factors Affecting Clinical Decision Making
- Rules of thumb, heuristics, and bias are shortcuts used by healthcare professionals when making judgments and decisions.
- The availability heuristic tends to use information closest to hand.
- Types of knowledge used in clinical decision making include:
- Empirical: scientific, technical, or factual knowledge
- Ethical: moral experiences gained through life
- Aesthetic: intuitive, with no rational/logical explanation
- Personal: self-knowledge, prejudices, and biases
- Socio-political: social, economic, and political considerations relevant to the society
Judgements
- Social judgement theory (SJT) explains how clinicians come to different decisions despite being presented with the same set of cues.
- SJT claims that an individual's position on an issue depends on their anchor, alternatives, and personal ego-involvement.
- Cognitive continuum theory suggests that reasoning is neither purely intuitive nor purely analytical, but rather a continuum between the two poles.
Role of Patient in Clinical Decision Making
- There is a growing consensus that patients should be more involved in their own care, with a move towards being a customer.
- Patient participation is linked to the concepts of power and empowerment.
- Empowerment is an individual process in which the person interacts with the environment to pursue an impact on their life.
- Healthcare practitioners should facilitate and support patient empowerment, rather than trying to empower them.
- Patient participation involves collaboration, partnership, and involvement, and is influenced by factors such as access to information, quality of professional-patient relationship, time, and personal characteristics.
Factors Facilitating/Inhibiting Patient Participation
- The same factors can both facilitate or work against patient participation in decision making, including access to information, quality of professional-patient relationship, time, and personal characteristics.
- The autonomy of patients in the final phase of life can be categorized on a scale from self-determination to non-participation.
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