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Questions and Answers
What is one of the main objectives of quality management in the laboratory?
What is one of the main objectives of quality management in the laboratory?
Which variable is controlled during the pre-analytical phase?
Which variable is controlled during the pre-analytical phase?
What does TAT stand for in the context of laboratory management?
What does TAT stand for in the context of laboratory management?
What should be logged to prevent transcription errors in the laboratory?
What should be logged to prevent transcription errors in the laboratory?
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Which factor is NOT typically considered a pre-analytical variable?
Which factor is NOT typically considered a pre-analytical variable?
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What does the PDCA cycle stand for in quality planning?
What does the PDCA cycle stand for in quality planning?
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Which of the following is a component of Quality Control (QC)?
Which of the following is a component of Quality Control (QC)?
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What is important for adequate patient preparation before testing?
What is important for adequate patient preparation before testing?
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Study Notes
Clinical Chemistry I - Week 08: Quality Management
- Course code: 0202304
- Instructor: Mohammad Qabajah
- Email: [email protected]
Objectives
- Describe the quality control system and methods for validating lab results.
- Describe lab testing processes and potential errors.
- Understand pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical variables and their impact on lab results.
- Detail how each pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical variable is controlled.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Encompasses managing the entire clinical lab for quality.
- Includes controlling pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical variables.
- Utilizes external quality assessment and proficiency testing programs.
- Early detection of issues helps prevent consequences.
Implementing TQM
- Quality Planning (PDCA - Plan Do Check Act)
- Quality Laboratory processes (QLP)
- Quality Control (QC)
- Statistical and non-statistical procedures (linearity, reagent/standard checks, temperature monitoring)
- Quality Assessment (QA)
- Turnaround time, specimen & patient ID, test utility
Control of Pre-analytical Variables
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Patient Identification:
- Correct patient and specimen identification.
- At least two identifiers are needed.
-
Turnaround Time (TAT):
- Time from specimen submission to analysis.
- Time to report results.
- Define specific TAT for each lab test and monitor it.
-
Specimen Collection:
- Proper collection procedures (preservative & containers).
-
Specimen Separation/Distribution:
- Use centrifuges & appropriate containers for aliquots.
-
Specimen Transport:
- Proper temperature control (cooled, frozen, protected from light).
-
Laboratory Log/Specimen Request:
- Data entry accuracy is critical (electronic logs preferred.)
- Patient name, ID, matching specimen, adequate volume, all tests requested, and rejection reasons.
-
Patient Preparation:
- Patient factors can impact test results (food, alcohol, drugs, smoking, exercise, stress, sleep.)
- Define clear patient preparation instructions and specimen acquisition protocols.
Non-controllable Variables
-
Biological Influences:
- Age (newborn, child, adult, elderly)
- Sex
-
Environmental Factors:
- Altitude
- Ambient temperature
- Geographic location
- Seasonal influences
-
Underlying Medical Conditions:
- Obesity
- Blindness
- Pregnancy
- Fever
- Shock and trauma
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Description
Explore the essentials of quality management in clinical chemistry labs in this Week 08 quiz. Understand the importance of the quality control system, methods for validating lab results, and the impact of various analytical variables on outcomes. This quiz will help you grasp the Total Quality Management (TQM) principles crucial for successful lab operations.
