Clinical Chemistry 1: Uric Acid Assessment
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of gout disease?

  • Excessive intake of water
  • High levels of uric acid in the blood (correct)
  • Low levels of uric acid in the blood
  • Consumption of vitamin C

    • Where is most uric acid reabsorbed in the body?

  • Glomerulus
  • Distal tubules
  • Kidneys
  • Proximal tubules (correct)

    • What is the primary source of uric acid in the body?

  • Breakdown of ingested nucleic acids (correct)
  • Secretion from the pancreas
  • Metabolism of lipids
  • Conversion of carbohydrates in the liver

    • What percentage of uric acid elimination is accounted for by renal excretion?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does uric acid get transported from the liver to?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to uric acid at high concentrations in the body?

    <p>It gets deposited in joints and tissues, causing painful inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant form of uric acid in acidic urine?

    <p>Uric acid crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for measuring uric acid?

    <p>To confirm diagnosis and monitor treatment of gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic disorder is caused by the complete deficiency of HGPRT?

    <p>Lesch - Nyhan syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is found primarily in men and usually diagnosed between 30 and 50 years of age?

    <p>Gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual plasma uric acid concentration in patients with gout?

    <p>Greater than 6mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may lead to the development of renal calculi in patients with gout?

    <p>Hyperuricemia due to overproduction of uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of patients are very susceptible to the development of renal calculi and should have their uric acid concentration monitored?

    <p>Patients on chemotherapy for leukemia and lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Musculoskeletal Block related to purine degradation and gout?

    <p>Uric acid formation and its association with gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another common cause of elevated plasma uric acid concentration, besides overproduction of uric acid?

    <p>Increased metabolism of cell nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for monitoring uric acid concentration in patients on chemotherapy?

    <p>To prevent uric acid nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of uric acid in the body?

    <p>Breakdown of ingested nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of uric acid elimination is accounted for by renal excretion?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most uric acid reabsorbed in the body?

    <p>Proximal tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to uric acid at high concentrations in the body?

    <p>Deposition in joints and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic disorder is caused by the complete deficiency of HGPRT?

    <p>Lesch-Nyhan syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for monitoring uric acid concentration in patients on chemotherapy?

    <p>To monitor chemotherapy response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for measuring uric acid?

    <p>To confirm diagnosis and monitor treatment of gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is Lesch-Nyhan syndrome seen?

    <p>Males (X-linked genetic disorder)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause elevated plasma uric acid concentration besides overproduction of uric acid?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is very susceptible to the development of renal calculi and should have their uric acid concentration monitored?

    <p>Patients with gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of pain and inflammation of the joints in gout?

    <p>Sodium urate precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is uric acid reabsorbed in the body?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant form of uric acid in acidic urine?

    <p><strong>Uric acid crystals</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does uric acid get transported from the liver to?

    <p><strong>Blood</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical plasma uric acid concentration in patients with gout?

    <p>&gt; 6mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to patients with gout in severe cases?

    <p><strong>Tophi</strong> form causing deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gout Disease Overview

    • Main cause of gout is hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood.
    • Pain and inflammation of the joints in gout arise from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals.

    Uric Acid Dynamics

    • Most uric acid reabsorption occurs in the kidneys, specifically in the proximal tubules.
    • The primary source of uric acid in the body is the breakdown of purines, found predominantly in certain foods and body cells.
    • Renal excretion accounts for approximately 70% of uric acid elimination from the body.
    • Uric acid is transported from the liver to the kidneys through the bloodstream.

    Uric Acid Concentration Effects

    • At high concentrations, uric acid can lead to the formation of crystals in joints and tissues causing gout attacks.
    • The predominant form of uric acid in acidic urine is uric acid itself.

    Clinical Monitoring and Conditions

    • Main reason for measuring uric acid concentration is to diagnose and monitor gout and potential kidney stones.
    • Lesch-Nyhan syndrome results from complete deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT).
    • Gout is primarily found in men, typically diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 50.

    Plasma Uric Acid Levels

    • Usual plasma uric acid concentration in gout patients is typically greater than 6.0 mg/dL.
    • Patients with gout may develop renal calculi due to increased uric acid levels resulting in precipitation in the kidneys.
    • Individuals who have high uric acid levels, particularly those with gout or at risk, should regularly monitor their uric acid concentration.

    Additional Causes and Complications

    • Besides overproduction of uric acid, factors like decreased renal clearance and certain medications can elevate plasma uric acid levels.
    • Monitoring uric acid concentration in patients undergoing chemotherapy is crucial due to the risk of tumor lysis syndrome which can lead to elevated uric acid levels.
    • Complications in severe cases of gout may include joint destruction and chronic pain, leading to significant impairment in mobility and quality of life.

    Educational Focus

    • The Musculoskeletal Block emphasizes understanding purine degradation pathways and the clinical implications of gout and hyperuricemia.

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    Description

    Learn about the assessment and measurement of uric acid in the blood. Understand how uric acid is produced, and its relationship to purines, nucleic acids, and gout disease.

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