Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with unintentional weight loss due to malignancy?
Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with unintentional weight loss due to malignancy?
- Lymphoma (correct)
- Celiac disease
- Diabetes
- Peptic ulcer disease
What psychiatric condition listed is commonly linked to unintentional weight loss?
What psychiatric condition listed is commonly linked to unintentional weight loss?
- Bipolar disorder
- Anxiety disorders
- Depression (correct)
- Schizophrenia
Which endocrine abnormality is associated with weight loss according to the content?
Which endocrine abnormality is associated with weight loss according to the content?
- Adrenal insufficiency (correct)
- Hypothyroidism
- Cushing's syndrome
- Type 2 diabetes
Which infectious disease is specifically mentioned as a cause of unintentional weight loss?
Which infectious disease is specifically mentioned as a cause of unintentional weight loss?
Which lifestyle factor is implicated in causing unintentional weight loss?
Which lifestyle factor is implicated in causing unintentional weight loss?
What is a common endocrine cause of unintentional weight loss?
What is a common endocrine cause of unintentional weight loss?
Which hormone is primarily synthesized by the pituitary gland?
Which hormone is primarily synthesized by the pituitary gland?
When examining a patient with abdominal pain and weight loss, which symptom might indicate an endocrine disorder?
When examining a patient with abdominal pain and weight loss, which symptom might indicate an endocrine disorder?
Which symptom is NOT typical in cases of unintentional weight gain due to endocrine causes?
Which symptom is NOT typical in cases of unintentional weight gain due to endocrine causes?
What aspect of obesity does pharmacotherapy primarily address?
What aspect of obesity does pharmacotherapy primarily address?
In the context of endocrine disorders, what does a palpable liver indicate?
In the context of endocrine disorders, what does a palpable liver indicate?
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
What is the primary focus in managing unintentional weight loss caused by endocrine disorders?
What is the primary focus in managing unintentional weight loss caused by endocrine disorders?
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Study Notes
Patient History
- Female, 62 years old.
- Presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and unintentional weight loss of 9kg in 3 months.
- Reports experiencing anxiety, frequent palpitations, difficulty concentrating, dyspnoea and diarrhoea.
- Prior abdominal CT scan, performed several weeks ago, displayed no abnormalities.
Patient Examination
- Anxious and agitated
- Vitals:
- Temperature 36.9 °C
- Blood pressure 160/90 mm Hg
- Pulse rate 130/min and regular
- Respiratory rate 22/min
- Skin warm and moist.
- Cardiac examination:
- Grade 2/6 systolic murmur.
- Lung examination:
- Crackles heard.
- Abdominal examination:
- Palpable liver 2 cm below the right costal margin.
Differential Diagnosis
- Malignancy
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Psychiatric conditions
- Endocrine diseases
- Infectious diseases
- Neurological diseases
- Advanced chronic disease
- Chronic vigorous exercise
- Medications/substances
Causes of Unintentional Weight Loss
- Gastrointestinal disorders:
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Celiac disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Psychiatric conditions:
- Depression
- Eating disorders
- Endocrine diseases:
- Hyperthyroidism
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Diabetes (uncontrolled)
- Infectious diseases:
- HIV
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Chronic helminthic infections
- Neurological diseases:
- Stroke
- Parkinson’s disease
- Advanced chronic disease:
- End-stage heart failure
- Renal failure
- Chronic vigorous exercise:
- Distance running
- Ballet dancing
- Gymnastics
- Medications/substances:
- Alcohol
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Prescribed drugs for diabetes, hypothyroidism.
Investigations
- Bedside:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) shows sinus rhythm at 144 beats per minute (bpm).
- Blood sugar (BM) 5.9.
- Blood tests:
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- (Normal Range)
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