Climate of India: North vs South
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Questions and Answers

Why do people wear lighter clothes during summers?

  • To show off their summer fashion
  • To match the environment
  • To stay cool in the hot weather (correct)
  • To keep warm in the cold weather

    • What is the difference between weather and climate?

  • Weather refers to longer-term conditions while climate is momentary
  • Climate is the average of weather over a longer period, while weather is the momentary state of the atmosphere (correct)
  • Weather refers to hot climate and climate refers to cold climate
  • Weather changes imperceptively while climate changes quickly

    • What does 'monsoon' signify?

  • Windy weather in coastal areas
  • Dry season in tropical regions
  • Snowfall in hilly regions
  • Climate associated with seasonal reversal in wind direction (correct)

    • What type of climate does India have?

    <p>Tropical monsoonal climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do weather changes differ from climate changes?

    <p>Weather changes quickly within a day or week, while climate changes slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the unity of India with southeast Asia in terms of monsoon climate refer to?

    <p>Regional variations in monsoon rainfall patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the monsoon winds to shed their moisture within the subcontinent?

    <p>The Himalayas trapping the monsoon winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do areas in the interior of India experience extremes of climate?

    <p>As they are far away from the moderating influence of the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes different air pressure zones in and around the Indian subcontinent?

    <p>Differential heating of land and sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do places in the mountains have cooler temperatures compared to places on the plains?

    <p>Temperature decreases with height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the temperature, air pressure, and direction of wind in India due to its physiography?

    <p>Relief or physiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In winter months, what type of air mass reaches India from Central Asia?

    <p>Dry continental air mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the weather conditions over India during winter months?

    <p>High pressure centre in Central Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the southwest monsoon in India?

    <p>Presence of a thermal low over north and northwest India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the southwest monsoon typically set in over the Kerala coast?

    <p>1st June</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the burst of the monsoon in India?

    <p>Easterly jet stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is related to the withdrawal of the westerly jet stream from its position over the north Indian plain?

    <p>Easterly jet stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes rainfall over the plains of north India?

    <p>Bay of Bengal current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does the EI-Nino weather system generally appear?

    <p>Every three to seven years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EI-Nino bring to different parts of the world?

    <p>Weather extremes like droughts and floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the temperature of water on the Peruvian coast?

    <p>Humbolt current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which current gets temporarily replaced by the cold Peruvian current?

    <p>Equatorial current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the southwest monsoon engulf the entire subcontinent?

    <p>July</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one result of the first rain in the southwest monsoon season?

    <p>A substantial decrease in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the sudden onset of moisture-laden winds associated with thunder and lightning in the monsoon season?

    <p>Burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may the monsoon burst occur in the coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra?

    <p>First week of June</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much can the day temperature decline between the onset of monsoon and summer?

    <p>$5°C$ to $8°C$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction do the moisture-laden winds follow after crossing the equator?

    <p>Southwesterly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of India experiences high temperatures throughout the year due to its proximity to the equator?

    <p>Southern part of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Indian state experiences extreme climate with high daily and annual range of temperature?

    <p>Jammu and Kashmir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of India is shielded from cold northern winds by the Himalayan Mountains?

    <p>Jammu and Kashmir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two places experience extreme temperature differences on the same day with Churu recording 50°C and Tawang recording 19°C?

    <p>Churu and Tawang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Indian cities experience a notable temperature difference between day and night?

    <p>Thiruvananthapuram and Tawang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Indian state receives rainfall during the winter season on its coastal areas?

    <p>Tamil Nadu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Indian city is known for receiving very high annual rainfall compared to Jaisalmer?

    <p>Cherrapunji</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors determine India's climate according to the text?

    <p>Location and relief only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of climate does India have?

    <p>Monsoonal climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does snowfall occur in India according to the text?

    <p>Khasi Hills of Meghalaya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the lack of a well-defined cold weather season in the Peninsular region of India?

    <p>Proximity to the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do coastal areas in India experience hardly any seasonal change in temperature distribution?

    <p>Moderating effect of the sea and proximity to the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of winds over the Bay of Bengal when not influenced by topography?

    <p>Northeasterly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do winter monsoons affect rainfall patterns in most parts of India?

    <p>Bring little humidity, reducing the possibility of rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India receives a meager amount of winter rainfall from weak temperate cyclones originating from the Mediterranean Sea?

    <p>Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and western Uttar Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average winter rainfall in Delhi?

    <p>53 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which months do temperatures start rising in North India?

    <p>March - May</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Westerly Jet Streams in steering depressions in India?

    <p>Steering depressions towards India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do winter monsoons not cause rainfall as they move from land to sea?

    <p>Anti-cyclonic circulation on land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the decrease in precipitation from west to east in the plains?

    <p>Topographical influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Tibetan highlands play in the path of jet streams?

    <p>They create a barrier causing jet streams to split.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the southern branch of the jet stream blow in the winter season?

    <p>South of the Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is influenced by the southern branch of the jet stream in winter?

    <p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the westerly jet stream over the Indian region in summer?

    <p>It withdraws from the Indian region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an inflow of winds into the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?

    <p>Low pressure area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the easterly jet stream's role in steering tropical depressions into India?

    <p>It guides tropical depressions towards India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) located in July?

    <p>20°N-25°N latitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of airmass rushes to the low pressure area as part of the southwest monsoon?

    <p>Maritime tropical airmass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the mild and less intense hot weather season in south India compared to north India?

    <p>Moderating effect of the oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does altitude have on the temperatures in the hills of Western Ghats?

    <p>Reduces temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general trend of temperatures from the coast to the interior in coastal regions of India?

    <p>Temperatures increase from the coast to the interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon causes the influx of winds that bring about a change in weather towards the rainy season by mid-June?

    <p>Heating of the subcontinent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of winds are 'Loo' and when do they typically blow in the northwestern region of India?

    <p>Dry and hot winds, afternoon to midnight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature associated with local storms during hot weather season in India?

    <p>Hailstorms and light rains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mango Showers' and 'Blossom Showers' are phenomena associated with which Indian regions?

    <p>Coastal Karnataka and Kerala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role do southeast trade winds play during the Southwest Monsoon Season in India?

    <p>Cross the equator, bring moisture, and contribute to monsoon rains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the term El-Nino?

    <p>Child Christ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of El-Nino?

    <p>Increase in the amount of planktons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the 1990-91 El-Nino event on India's southwest monsoon?

    <p>Delayed onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the onset of monsoon result in?

    <p>Low pressure cell attracting southwest trades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India experiences dry spells associated with winds blowing parallel to the coast during southwest monsoon?

    <p>West Coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four recognized seasons by meteorologists in India?

    <p>Cold Weather Season, Hot Weather Season, Southwest Monsoon Season, Retreating Monsoon Season</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a break in the monsoon?

    <p>Failure of rain for one or more weeks during monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the path of tropical depressions originating from the Bay of Bengal over India?

    <p>Position of ITCZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the cold weather season described in terms of temperature?

    <p>Mean daily temperature remains below 21°C over most parts of northern India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the intensity of southwest monsoon winds be measured?

    <p>By measuring pressure differences between Tahiti and port Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes weather from climate?

    <p>Weather is the momentary state of the atmosphere, while climate refers to the average of weather conditions over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the monsoon in India?

    <p>It influences seasonal reversal in wind direction and brings essential rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does southern India not require woollen clothes in winters?

    <p>Because southern India experiences mild winters compared to northern India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the unity of India with southeast Asia in terms of monsoon climate refer to?

    <p>Common experiences of seasonal reversal in wind direction and essential rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes India's hot monsoonal climate?

    <p>Seasonal reversal in wind direction with essential rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the differences in weather and climate changes?

    <p>Weather changes imperceptively and is noted over 50 years, while climate changes quickly within a day or week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Himalayas impact the monsoon winds in the Indian subcontinent?

    <p>They trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to release their moisture within the subcontinent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does altitude have on temperature in India?

    <p>Temperature decreases with altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does relief or physiography affect rainfall in India?

    <p>Windward sides receive high rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates different air pressure zones in and around the Indian subcontinent?

    <p>Differential heating of land and sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the distribution of air pressure and winds influence local climates in India?

    <p>It determines the direction and speed of wind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do coastal areas in India have an equable climate compared to interior regions?

    <p>Moderating influence of the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Tibetan highlands in relation to the jet streams?

    <p>Creating a barrier that bifurcates the jet streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the jet stream blows in an eastward direction south of the Himalayas during winter?

    <p>Southern branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the mean position of the southern branch of the jet stream lie in February at the 200-300 mb level?

    <p>25°N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What meteorological phenomenon exercises an important influence on winter weather in India?

    <p>Western Cyclonic Disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region experiences tropical cyclones originating over the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean?

    <p>Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Orissa coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the climate of Kerala and Tamil Nadu compared to that of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar?

    <p>Higher annual rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India experiences extreme seasonal temperature variations with temperature reaching 55°C in summer and -45°C in winter?

    <p>Western Rajasthan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of precipitation occurs in the Himalayas as opposed to the rest of the country?

    <p>Heavy snowfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor helps shield India from cold northern winds according to the text?

    <p>The Himalayan Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the high annual rainfall in Cherrapunji and Mawsynram compared to Jaisalmer?

    <p>Mountainous terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of India experiences strong rain-bearing storms almost every third or fifth day in July and August?

    <p>Ganga delta and coastal plains of Orissa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of India receives rainfall during the beginning of the winter season instead of June-September like most parts of the country?

    <p>Kerala coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the Himalayas play in influencing the climate of India?

    <p>Acts as a climatic barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the climate near the Tropic of Cancer from that away from it?

    <p>Extreme temperatures near Tropic of Cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the seasonal variations in temperature across India?

    <p>Latitude differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is often used to describe the sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning during the southwest monsoon season?

    <p>Monsoon burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the monsoon burst typically occur in the interior parts of India according to the text?

    <p>Second week of June</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one immediate impact of the first rain during the southwest monsoon season?

    <p>Substantial temperature decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are southwest monsoons referred to as such?

    <p>They follow a southwesterly direction after crossing the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common term used to describe the temperature decrease of 5°C to 8°C during the southwest monsoon season in India?

    <p>Monsoon chill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the formation of southwest monsoon in India?

    <p>Shift of ITCZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the southwest monsoon bring heavy rainfall to the west coast of India?

    <p>Offshore meteorological conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is EI-Nino and how does it affect weather patterns, including in India?

    <p>A warm current near Peru affecting weather extremes like droughts and floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the onset of the southwest monsoon over the Indian subcontinent?

    <p>Differential heating of land and sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a distinct break in the monsoon season in India?

    <p>Movement of westerly jet stream from south of Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does rainfall occur over the plains of north India during the monsoon season?

    <p>Influx of moisture-laden winds from Arabian Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical feature influences the burst of monsoon in India?

    <p>Presence of Tibetan highlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which weather phenomenon can be associated with the withdrawal of westerly jet stream over north Indian plain?

    <p>'Loo' blowing from northwest India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily minimum temperature during the summer months in south India according to the text?

    <p>26°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do temperatures in the hills of Western Ghats remain below 25°C?

    <p>Due to high altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What local storms are associated with violent winds, torrential rains, and hailstorms during the hot weather season in India?

    <p>Nor Westers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Loo' refers to which weather phenomenon in the northwestern region of India?

    <p>Oppressing heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomena are known as 'Kalbaisakhi' and 'Bardoli Chheerha' in Bengal and Assam respectively?

    <p>'Nor Westers'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What weather changes occur as the ITCZ moves northwards in July over the Indian subcontinent?

    <p>Dry and hot winds ('Loo')</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of winds over North Bengal and Bihar during the summer months?

    <p>'Loo'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'Nor Westers' known as in Assam?

    <p>Bardoli Chheerha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one impact of the El-Nino phenomenon on sea life?

    <p>Decrease in fish population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan experience excessive cold during the cold weather season?

    <p>Continental climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for a break in the monsoon during the southwest monsoon season?

    <p>Failure of rain-bearing storms along ITCZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of the hot weather season in India?

    <p>High day and night temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do tropical depressions affect rainfall patterns over India?

    <p>Cause localized heavy rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the southwest monsoon season and the retreating monsoon season in India?

    <p>Wind direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do meteorologists describe the climatic conditions of India?

    <p>&quot;Four seasons&quot; cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dry spells over the west coast of India during the rainy season?

    <p>&quot;Continuation of southeast trades&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does north India experience a decline in temperature around February during the cold weather season?

    <p>&quot;Cold waves&quot; from Caspian Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fluctuations in rainfall intensity from year to year over India?

    <p>Position of ITCZ oscillations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most parts of India not receive rainfall during the winter season?

    <p>Anti cyclonic circulation causes a reduction in rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the snowfall in the lower Himalayas during the winter season?

    <p>Snow sustains the flow of water in rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes torrential rainfall over specific regions during October and November in India?

    <p>Northeast monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is NOT a cause of winter rainfall in India's central parts and northern parts of the southern Peninsula?

    <p>Monsoonal winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that contributes to the regional variations in temperature across different parts of India?

    <p>Altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in India experiences extreme climate with high daily and annual range of temperature?

    <p>Rajasthan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor acts as a climatic divide in protecting India from cold northern winds?

    <p>The Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of India receives an extremely high amount of rainfall compared to others?

    <p>Meghalaya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical feature contributes significantly to the variations in temperature and precipitation in India?

    <p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind the seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation in India?

    <p>Geographical Location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which Indian state might one find a temperature difference of 70 degrees Celsius between day and night temperatures?

    <p>Rajasthan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which month does the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu typically receive rainfall according to the text?

    <p>October-January</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical annual precipitation amount in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan?

    <p>Less than 10 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of India may record temperatures as low as minus 45°C in winter?

    <p>Drass (Jammu and Kashmir)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people wear heavy woollen clothes during winters in north India?

    <p>To stay warm in cold weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between weather and climate?

    <p>Weather is the momentary state of the atmosphere, while climate refers to the average of weather conditions over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'monsoon' connote?

    <p>Climate associated with seasonal winds reversal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the monsoon regime in India emphasize unity and diversity?

    <p>By highlighting the regional variations which differentiate different regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the hot monsoonal climate prevalent in south and southeast Asia?

    <p>Hot and humid conditions with seasonal winds reversal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key reason for wearing lighter clothes during summers?

    <p>To stay cool in hot weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates different air pressure zones in and around the Indian subcontinent?

    <p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the path of tropical depressions originating from the Bay of Bengal over India?

    <p>Distribution of Land and Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the burst of the monsoon in India?

    <p>Differential heating of land and sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common term used to describe the temperature decrease with height in India?

    <p>Lapse rate effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In India, why do areas in the interior experience extremes of climate compared to coastal areas?

    <p>Distance from the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the temperature, air pressure, wind direction, and rainfall distribution in India?

    <p>Upper air circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season are weather conditions in India influenced by high pressure in Central and Western Asia?

    <p>Winter season</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atmospheric layer witnesses a different pattern of air circulation higher up from the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Lower troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes fluctuations in rainfall intensity from year to year over India?

    <p>El-Nino phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the southwest monsoon to set in over the Kerala coast by 1st June?

    <p>Formation of an intense low pressure in the northwestern part of the subcontinent due to differential heating of land and sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is often used to describe the sudden onset of moisture-laden winds associated with thunder and lightning during the southwest monsoon season in India?

    <p>Break</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does El-Nino affect the Indian monsoon?

    <p>It brings drought to different parts of the world, including India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which week of June can the monsoon burst be expected in the interior parts of India?

    <p>First week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major factor responsible for the intensity of rainfall over the west coast of India during the southwest monsoon?

    <p>Offshore meteorological conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be the reason for a delay in the monsoon burst in the interior parts of India compared to coastal areas?

    <p>Different air pressure zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the onset of monsoon winds in India according to historical belief?

    <p>Differential heating of land and sea during summer months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon brings down the temperature substantially after the first rain during the southwest monsoon season?

    <p>Monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the easterly jet stream play in relation to monsoon in India?

    <p>Associated with the burst of monsoon in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for rainfall over the plains of North India during the southwest monsoon?

    <p>Rain-bearing systems originating in the Bay of Bengal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the southwest monsoons due to their direction after crossing the equator?

    <p>Southwest Monsoons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a distinct change in wind direction from southwest to northeast during summer trade winds?

    <p>Shift of ITCZ due to differential heating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes rainfall along the Western Ghats during monsoon season?

    <p>'Orographic' nature due to obstruction and forced rising of moist air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The withdrawal of westerly jet stream from its position over north Indian plain, south of the Himalayas' is associated with which phenomenon?

    <p>'Break' in the Indian monsoon season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the southern branch of the jet stream in India's winter weather?

    <p>Exercising an important influence on India's winter weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the westerly jet stream in relation to western cyclonic disturbances entering India?

    <p>Steering western cyclonic disturbances into India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ITCZ (Inter Tropical Convergence Zone) affect the movement of air over India during July?

    <p>Attracting winds from different directions due to a zone of low pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the easterly jet stream influence the distribution of monsoon rainfall over India?

    <p>Playing a significant role in determining the rainfall pattern in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the easterlies not extending beyond 30° N latitude in the upper atmosphere?

    <p>Strong influence of the ITCZ on wind direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tropical depressions steered by the easterly jet stream affect the rainfall pattern in India?

    <p>Determining areas of highest rainfall in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the withdrawal of the westerly jet stream impact the weather over North India during summer?

    <p>Brings hot and dry conditions to North Indian plains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the easterly jet stream over the southern part of the Peninsula during June?

    <p>Maximum speed of 90 km per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the formation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean?

    <p>Moist air currents from maritime tropical airmass rushing into low pressure areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the movement of tropical depressions steered by easterly jet streams impact monsoon rainfall over India?

    <p>Determines areas of highest rainfall in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do temperatures in the hills of Western Ghats remain below 25°C?

    <p>Because of the altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brings about a change in weather towards the rainy season by mid-June in India?

    <p>Influx of southwesterly monsoon winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives rise to local storms of great intensity during the hot weather season?

    <p>Contact between dry and moist air masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are locally known 'Mango showers' important towards the end of summer in Kerala and coastal areas of Karnataka?

    <p>They help in early ripening of mangoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is associated with hot, dry, and oppressing winds blowing from Punjab to Bihar?

    <p>'Loo'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the southeast trade winds cross over before entering the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea?

    <p>Equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the intensity of local storms during the hot weather season?

    <p>'Loo'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature associated with 'Bardoli Chheerha' in Assam?

    <p>'Nor Westers'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nor Westers' are associated with violent winds, torrential rains, and hailstorms. What does 'Kalbaisakhi' refer to?

    <p>'Nor Westers' in Kerala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Loo' winds are most intense between Delhi and Patna. What do these winds bring along with them on occasions that provide relief from the heat?

    <p>Dust storms followed by light rains and cool breeze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'El-Nino' in relation to its timing and origin?

    <p>It signifies the onset of summer in the Southern Hemisphere around Christmas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1990-91, how did the El-Nino event impact the southwest monsoon in India?

    <p>It caused a significant delay in the onset of the southwest monsoon ranging from five to twelve days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do meteorologists determine the intensity of the southwest monsoon winds during the Southern Oscillation?

    <p>By measuring the difference in pressure between Tahiti and port Darwin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the excessive cold in northern India during the cold weather season according to the text?

    <p>Continental climate due to being far from sea influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the ITCZ play in determining rainfall patterns over India?

    <p>ITCZ position influences monsoon trough leading to variations in rainfall intensity and track of depressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the onset of monsoon winds over India according to Figure 4.4 in the text?

    <p>Gradual shift of winds attracting southeast trades northwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do dry spells occur over the west coast of India during the rainy season?

    <p>Winds blowing parallel to the coast leading to a lack of rain-bearing storms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can break in the monsoon be defined during the southwest monsoon period?

    <p>'Breaks' are prolonged periods without rain after initial monsoon showers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the lack of a well-defined cold weather season in the Peninsular region of India?

    <p>The moderating influence of the sea and proximity to the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of shallow cyclonic depressions in disturbing the pleasant weather conditions in India during winters?

    <p>They disrupt the light winds and humidity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the occasional winter rainfall in central parts of India and northern parts of the southern Peninsula?

    <p>Anti-cyclonic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind the decrease in rainfall amount from west to east in the plains and from north to south in the mountains during the winter season in India?

    <p>Anti-cyclonic circulations over land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do temperatures start rising in north India with the apparent northward movement of the sun towards the Tropic of Cancer in March?

    <p>Northward movement of the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the scarcity of winter rainfall in most parts of India, especially during winter monsoons?

    <p>Lack of humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes torrential rainfall over specific regions during October and November in India?

    <p>Moisture pickup over Caspian Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and western Uttar Pradesh during winter?

    <p>Mediterranean temperate cyclones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for causing rainfall over Arunachal Pradesh and Assam during winter months?

    <p>Caspian Sea moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do weak temperate cyclones have on Bihar's rainfall during winter?

    <p>Moderate beneficial rains for crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

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