Podcast
Questions and Answers
How might milder winters in the UK affect the population?
How might milder winters in the UK affect the population?
- Increased risk of heatstroke due to higher average temperatures.
- Increased water shortages in the southern regions.
- Rise in skin cancer cases due to greater sun exposure.
- Decline in winter-related deaths due to less severe cold. (correct)
Which environmental concern is projected to increase across the UK due to climate change?
Which environmental concern is projected to increase across the UK due to climate change?
- Stabilization of water levels in the south and southeast.
- Decrease in average rainfall amounts.
- More frequent and severe flooding events. (correct)
- Increased snowfall during winter months.
What is a likely consequence of drought in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the text?
What is a likely consequence of drought in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the text?
- Greater strain on already limited food and water resources. (correct)
- An increase in the availability of food and water.
- Reduced pressure on food and water supplies.
- Improvement in agricultural practices and crop yields.
Which outcome is most likely to occur in Europe due to changing climate conditions?
Which outcome is most likely to occur in Europe due to changing climate conditions?
How might warmer rivers impact South Asia?
How might warmer rivers impact South Asia?
What is one potential positive effect of climate change in Europe, according to the information provided?
What is one potential positive effect of climate change in Europe, according to the information provided?
If you consider the negative climate effects, what region is likely to be most affected?
If you consider the negative climate effects, what region is likely to be most affected?
What is the difference between the predicted effects of climate change on the UK compared to sub-Saharan Africa?
What is the difference between the predicted effects of climate change on the UK compared to sub-Saharan Africa?
In a pond ecosystem, what is the primary role of plant litter in maintaining its health?
In a pond ecosystem, what is the primary role of plant litter in maintaining its health?
If a pond ecosystem experiences a significant reduction in plant litter, which of the following is the most likely consequence?
If a pond ecosystem experiences a significant reduction in plant litter, which of the following is the most likely consequence?
What is the relationship between nutrient input from weathered rock and nutrient loss through leaching in an ecosystem?
What is the relationship between nutrient input from weathered rock and nutrient loss through leaching in an ecosystem?
Considering the nutrient cycle in a pond ecosystem, which pathway directly links the decomposition of plant litter to the growth of primary producers?
Considering the nutrient cycle in a pond ecosystem, which pathway directly links the decomposition of plant litter to the growth of primary producers?
If the rate of nutrient loss by leaching exceeds the rate of nutrient input from weathered rock in a pond ecosystem, what long-term effect is most likely to occur?
If the rate of nutrient loss by leaching exceeds the rate of nutrient input from weathered rock in a pond ecosystem, what long-term effect is most likely to occur?
Which of the following strategies focuses on reducing water consumption rather than increasing water supply?
Which of the following strategies focuses on reducing water consumption rather than increasing water supply?
Why does the desalination plant in Beckton offset its carbon emissions with a biodiesel electricity plant?
Why does the desalination plant in Beckton offset its carbon emissions with a biodiesel electricity plant?
How does the Thames Barrier protect London from rising sea levels?
How does the Thames Barrier protect London from rising sea levels?
What is the primary challenge that London faces regarding its water supply, as influenced by climate change?
What is the primary challenge that London faces regarding its water supply, as influenced by climate change?
If sea levels rise by 50 centimeters, what is the anticipated impact on the Thames Barrier's effectiveness?
If sea levels rise by 50 centimeters, what is the anticipated impact on the Thames Barrier's effectiveness?
What is reverse osmosis, as it is used in the Beckton desalination plant?
What is reverse osmosis, as it is used in the Beckton desalination plant?
What is the significance of aerators in the context of London's Water Strategy?
What is the significance of aerators in the context of London's Water Strategy?
Compared to the national average, how does London's daily water consumption per person compare?
Compared to the national average, how does London's daily water consumption per person compare?
Which of the following regions does not contain a major area of tropical rainforest?
Which of the following regions does not contain a major area of tropical rainforest?
What are the two main characteristics that distinguish tropical rainforests from other biomes?
What are the two main characteristics that distinguish tropical rainforests from other biomes?
The largest area of tropical rainforest is located in which of the following regions?
The largest area of tropical rainforest is located in which of the following regions?
If deforestation were to occur at an accelerated rate in the Amazon basin, which global impact would likely be most significant?
If deforestation were to occur at an accelerated rate in the Amazon basin, which global impact would likely be most significant?
Compared to other biomes, what distinguishes the climate of a tropical rainforest?
Compared to other biomes, what distinguishes the climate of a tropical rainforest?
In the context of tropical rainforests, what does 'vegetation' primarily encompass?
In the context of tropical rainforests, what does 'vegetation' primarily encompass?
Considering the geographical distribution of tropical rainforests, which factor most significantly determines their location?
Considering the geographical distribution of tropical rainforests, which factor most significantly determines their location?
How might a significant change in rainfall patterns affect the vegetation in a tropical rainforest?
How might a significant change in rainfall patterns affect the vegetation in a tropical rainforest?
Why are the soils of the tropical rainforest generally thin and poor despite the presence of luxuriant vegetation?
Why are the soils of the tropical rainforest generally thin and poor despite the presence of luxuriant vegetation?
What role does the warm, humid climate play in the nutrient cycle of a tropical rainforest?
What role does the warm, humid climate play in the nutrient cycle of a tropical rainforest?
In the context of a tropical rainforest, what is the 'biomass' primarily composed of?
In the context of a tropical rainforest, what is the 'biomass' primarily composed of?
How do plants in the tropical rainforest obtain the nutrients they need to survive, considering the infertile soil?
How do plants in the tropical rainforest obtain the nutrients they need to survive, considering the infertile soil?
What is the most likely consequence of removing a large section of the tropical rainforest (deforestation) on the local nutrient cycle?
What is the most likely consequence of removing a large section of the tropical rainforest (deforestation) on the local nutrient cycle?
In a balanced tropical rainforest ecosystem, where is the largest proportion of vital nutrients stored?
In a balanced tropical rainforest ecosystem, where is the largest proportion of vital nutrients stored?
Consider a scenario where the rate of decomposition in a tropical rainforest slows down significantly. Which of the following is the most likely direct consequence?
Consider a scenario where the rate of decomposition in a tropical rainforest slows down significantly. Which of the following is the most likely direct consequence?
A plant species in the rainforest has developed a specialized root system that efficiently captures nutrients from rainwater before it reaches the soil. What advantage does this adaptation provide to the plant?
A plant species in the rainforest has developed a specialized root system that efficiently captures nutrients from rainwater before it reaches the soil. What advantage does this adaptation provide to the plant?
What is the primary distinction between characterizing an ecosystem's distribution by latitude versus specific regional occurrences?
What is the primary distinction between characterizing an ecosystem's distribution by latitude versus specific regional occurrences?
What is the most significant implication of Kilimanjaro's vegetation changing with increasing altitude, starting from a tropical rainforest at its base?
What is the most significant implication of Kilimanjaro's vegetation changing with increasing altitude, starting from a tropical rainforest at its base?
If a new plant species is discovered that thrives in both a tundra and deciduous forest biome, what revised understanding would this require about climate factors?
If a new plant species is discovered that thrives in both a tundra and deciduous forest biome, what revised understanding would this require about climate factors?
Considering a hypothetical scenario where the Earth's tilt decreases, what would be the most likely impact on tropical rainforest distribution?
Considering a hypothetical scenario where the Earth's tilt decreases, what would be the most likely impact on tropical rainforest distribution?
Suppose a region currently supporting a deciduous forest experiences a prolonged drought lasting several decades. What transitional biome is most likely to replace the forest?
Suppose a region currently supporting a deciduous forest experiences a prolonged drought lasting several decades. What transitional biome is most likely to replace the forest?
How might the selective logging of specific tree species in a tropical rainforest impact the overall biodiversity and ecosystem stability?
How might the selective logging of specific tree species in a tropical rainforest impact the overall biodiversity and ecosystem stability?
If the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to rise, what is a likely long-term impact on the distribution of global forest biomes?
If the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to rise, what is a likely long-term impact on the distribution of global forest biomes?
In the context of climate change, what strategies could be implemented to help preserve the biodiversity of deciduous forests?
In the context of climate change, what strategies could be implemented to help preserve the biodiversity of deciduous forests?
Flashcards
Litter
Litter
Organic matter, such as dead leaves and decaying plant material, that falls to the forest floor or the bottom of a pond.
Decomposition
Decomposition
The process where organic material (litter) is broken down into simpler substances.
Leaching
Leaching
Minerals and nutrients washing out of the soil.
Primary producers
Primary producers
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Top predators
Top predators
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Climate change in the UK
Climate change in the UK
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Milder winters – UK Climate
Milder winters – UK Climate
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Extreme weather – UK Climate
Extreme weather – UK Climate
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Health impacts – Europe
Health impacts – Europe
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Crop yields in Europe
Crop yields in Europe
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Drought impact in Africa
Drought impact in Africa
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Health in Southern/Eastern Africa
Health in Southern/Eastern Africa
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South Asia food supply
South Asia food supply
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Climate-Smart Agriculture
Climate-Smart Agriculture
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Thames Barrier
Thames Barrier
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Mitigation
Mitigation
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Adaptation
Adaptation
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Retrofit
Retrofit
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Desalination
Desalination
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Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis
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Qualitative Data
Qualitative Data
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Ecosystem Distribution
Ecosystem Distribution
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Ecosystem Band Width
Ecosystem Band Width
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Deciduous Forest Rainfall
Deciduous Forest Rainfall
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Tundra Temperature Range
Tundra Temperature Range
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Altitudinal Vegetation Change
Altitudinal Vegetation Change
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Forest Types
Forest Types
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Tropical Rainforest Area
Tropical Rainforest Area
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Tropical Rainforest Importance
Tropical Rainforest Importance
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Tropical Rainforest Locations
Tropical Rainforest Locations
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Largest Rainforest Area
Largest Rainforest Area
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Tropical Rainforest Characteristics
Tropical Rainforest Characteristics
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Climate Definition
Climate Definition
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Vegetation Definition
Vegetation Definition
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What is climate?
What is climate?
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What is vegetation?
What is vegetation?
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Tropical Rainforest Climate Traits
Tropical Rainforest Climate Traits
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Nutrient Cycling
Nutrient Cycling
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Biomass
Biomass
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Rapid Decomposition
Rapid Decomposition
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Nutrient Storage
Nutrient Storage
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Interdependence
Interdependence
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Decomposition Factors
Decomposition Factors
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Nutrient Washout
Nutrient Washout
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Study Notes
Climate Change: Our Fault?
- The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth, essential for life.
- Without it, the Earth would be about 33°C colder.
- Sun's infrared rays enter the atmosphere -> heat reflects from the surface -> natural greenhouse gases trap some heat.
- Human activity has increased greenhouse gases, creating an enhanced effect:
- Activities: burning fossil fuels, industry, agriculture, deforestation.
- Less heat escapes; Earth warms further.
Are Humans Causing Climate Change?
- Scientists confirm natural climate change, but it doesn't account for post-1970s temperature increases.
- There's a correlation between rising COâ‚‚ levels and temperature.
- The IPCC indicates a high likelihood that rising COâ‚‚ is the main cause.
- Humans emit ~130 times more COâ‚‚ than volcanoes.
- Greenhouse gas composition:
- 77% - Carbon dioxide
- 14% - Methane
- 8% - Nitrous oxide
- 1% - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
- Global warming potential (over 100 years, compared to COâ‚‚):
- Methane: 25 times
- Nitrous oxide: 125 times
How Do Humans Cause Climate Change?
-
Fossil fuels: Over 50% of global greenhouse emissions come from fossil fuels
- Source: Transportation, building, heating, industry, power generation.
- The population of the world continues to increase thus increasing the amount of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emitted
-
Agriculture: Agriculture contributes to ~20% of global greenhouse emissions
- Large Methane Volumes: Cattle digestion; microbes decay organic matter in rice paddies.
- The population of the world continues to increase thus increasing the demand for food, - In Asia for instance were rice is the staple diet. - increasing meat increases gas emissions
-
Deforestation: Forests are cleared at an alarming rate
- Consequences: Fewer trees for photosynthesis (absorb COâ‚‚); rapid climate change.
- slash and burn = releases stored COâ‚‚ contributing to climate change
Effects of Climate Change
- IPCC predicts significant, increasing costs from climate change.
- Effects vary globally/regionally.
- UK: Flood risk increases (heavy rain); rising sea levels and temperatures and water shortages in the south/southeast.
- Alps: Ski resorts may close or have shorter seasons.
- Northern Europe: Less heating, increased crop/forest growth.
- Mediterranean: Increased drought is likely.
- S. & E. Africa: Declining health due to malaria increase.
- Europe as a whole: Heat waves may increase deaths and crop yields increase.
- Sub-Saharan Africa: Drought impacts food/water.
- S. Asia as a whole: Agriculture may decline.
- Rivers: Warmer rivers harm marine wildlife. Ganges River dolphins may decline.
- Asia: Increased flood risk.
- E. Asia: Fishing industry declines with more acidic sea and higher temperature.
- Polar Regions: Wildlife declines due to the decrease in Ice.
- Arctic Ocean: Less ice enables shipping and gas/oil extraction there.
- Sub-Arctic Boreal Forests: Tree lines retreat because of Temperature increase
- N. America: Agriculture may yield more wheat/soybean/rice but less corn.
- Forests: can be affected more with pests, disease and forest fires.
Managing Climate Change: Mitigation
-
Mitigation: Strategies to reduce/prevent greenhouse gases and protect carbon sinks.
-
Alternative energy production: Using renewable sources (wind, solar, geothermal, wave, tidal, biomass).
- Pros: Reduces greenhouse gasses.
- Cons: more expensive than fossil fuels, but are becoming cheaper
-
Carbon capture and storage (CCS): Replicating natural COâ‚‚ storage.
- Steps: Capture COâ‚‚ from emission sources, convert it into liquid, inject into sedimentary rock.
- UK is a world leader in the process of storing CO2.
- Pros: Could provide substantial carbon mitigation.
- Cons: Expensive; unclear if COâ‚‚ stays trapped long-term; doesn't prevent COâ‚‚ emissions initially.
-
Planting trees: Reforestation.
- A investment could substantially increase forest carbon storage. -A UK project to reduce deforestation restore forests reduce 10.71 m tonnes
- Pros: it reduces CO2
- Cons: Deforestation could continue and has done in 2015
-International agreements: UN negotiated a new international climate is required to meet targets - some are able to mitagate then others and this is a potential difficulty
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