Adaptive Radiation Quiz | Biol 107 Evolution Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about emergent properties in living systems?

Emergent properties are absent from nonliving systems

Emergent properties are due to the interactions of parts as complexity increases (correct)

Emergent properties are only observable at the molecular level

Emergent properties are unique to life

What is the main focus of systems biology?

Examining the molecular level of organization

Analyzing the interactions among the parts of a biological system (correct)

Studying the reductionist approach in biology

Exploring the structure and function of cells

What does the correlation of structure and function mean in biology?

Functions in biology determine structures

Structures and functions in biology are randomly related

Structures in biology determine functions (correct)

Structures and functions in biology are unrelated

What is the basic unit of life according to the cell theory?

Cells Signup and view all the answers

Which process converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in plants?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

Sunlight Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback regulation is most common in living systems?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is a major aspect of climate change caused by human activities?

Global warming Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is used as an intermediary in the process of gene expression?

RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of some types of RNA in the cell?

Manufacturing proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism?

Proteome Signup and view all the answers

What is the major development that enables the analysis of many biological samples very rapidly?

High-throughput technology Signup and view all the answers

Which greenhouse gas is primarily responsible for trapping heat close to the Earth's surface?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average temperature increase of the planet since 1900 due to the CO2 added to the atmosphere by human activities?

1°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the projected additional rise in temperature before the end of this century, based on current rates of CO2 and other gas emissions?

3°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more?

Climate change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way in which climate change is impacting organisms and their habitats?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the suspected role of climate change in the outbreaks of mountain pine beetles in British Columbia and Alberta?

Warmer weather due to climate change is more conducive to mountain pine beetle survival Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the unifying themes discussed in the text?

Organization, information, energy and matter, and interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a population in the context of a meadow ecosystem?

A population consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a eukaryotic cell?

A eukaryotic cell contains membrane-enclosed organelles and a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of genes?

Genes encode the information necessary to build all of the molecules synthesized within a cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the molecular structure of DNA?

DNA is made up of two long chains arranged in a double helix, composed of nucleotides. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes reductionism in biology?

<ol> <li>Reductionism is a method that breaks down complex systems into simpler components for easier study.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five unifying themes in biology?

<ol start="4"> <li>Interactions</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of life extend from and to?

<ol> <li>It extends from the microscopic scale of molecules and cells to the global scale of the entire living planet.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of evolution?

Evolution is the explanation for the unity and diversity of life on Earth. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the occurrence of evolution?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What did Theodosius Dobzhansky mean when he said, 'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution'?

Biological phenomena can only be understood in the context of evolution. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains of life?

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of descent with modification according to Charles Darwin?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom includes organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis?

Plantae Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated range of the total number of species on Earth?

10 million to over 100 million Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms is most closely related to finches and other birds?

Prokaryotes Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed relationship between the kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia?

Fungi and Animalia are more closely related to each other than either is to Plantae Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the universal genetic code in relation to the connection of all life?

It is a vestige of early prokaryotes Signup and view all the answers

What are the three observations that Charles Darwin started with in developing his theory of evolution?

Individuals in a population vary in their traits, populations can produce more offspring than can survive, and species are generally suited to their environments Signup and view all the answers

What does Darwin propose as the mechanism for evolutionary adaptation in the text?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process where one species gives rise to multiple descendant species in different environments?

Adaptive radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the Galápagos finches in understanding adaptive radiation?

They are an example of adaptive radiation from a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Emergent Properties and Systems Biology

Emergent properties in living systems are characteristics that arise from the interactions and organization of components, rather than being inherent in the components themselves.
The main focus of systems biology is to understand how biological components interact and function together as a system.

Cell Theory and Energy Conversion

The basic unit of life according to the cell theory is the cell.
Photosynthesis is the process that converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in plants.

Regulation and Feedback

The primary source of energy for most ecosystems is the sun.
Negative feedback regulation is the most common type in living systems.

Gene Expression and RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is used as an intermediary in the process of gene expression.
Some types of RNA function in the cell as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or transfer RNA (tRNA).

Proteomics and Climate Change

The term used to describe the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism is proteome.
A major aspect of climate change caused by human activities is the increase in global temperatures.
The major development that enables the analysis of many biological samples very rapidly is high-throughput technology.

Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas primarily responsible for trapping heat close to the Earth's surface.
The average temperature increase of the planet since 1900 due to the CO2 added to the atmosphere by human activities is approximately 1°C.
The projected additional rise in temperature before the end of this century, based on current rates of CO2 and other gas emissions, is around 2-3°C.

Climate Change Impacts

A directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more is called a climate shift.
Climate change is impacting organisms and their habitats, for example, by altering species distributions and extinction rates.
The suspected role of climate change in the outbreaks of mountain pine beetles in British Columbia and Alberta is by altering the tree-beetle interactions.

Unifying Themes in Biology

Some of the unifying themes discussed in the text are the correlation of structure and function, the universal genetic code, and the concept of evolution.

Population and Eukaryotic Cells

A population in the context of a meadow ecosystem refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific geographic area.
A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Genes and DNA Structure

The function of genes is to provide the instructions for the development and function of an organism.
The molecular structure of DNA is a double helix with sugar-phosphate backbones and nitrogenous bases.

Reductionism and Evolution

Reductionism in biology refers to the approach of breaking down complex systems into smaller components to understand their function.
Evolution is the concept that all species of life have developed from a common ancestor through the process of natural selection.

Evolutionary Concepts

The three domains of life are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
The primary cause of descent with modification according to Charles Darwin is natural selection.

Kingdoms and Species

The kingdom that includes organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis is Plantae.
The estimated range of the total number of species on Earth is 8.7 million.