Geography - Natural Hazards - Climate Change
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an effect of coastal flooding?

  • Displacement of 1 million people in Vietnam (correct)
  • Improved water resources in central Africa
  • Increased rice production in Vietnam
  • Decrease in global temperatures

Heatwaves have consistently led to record high temperatures globally.

True (A)

What is the average sea level rise measured since 1900?

200mm

The ________ effect leads to an increase in Earth's temperature due to human activities.

<p>enhanced greenhouse</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the climate change factors to their definitions:

<p>Eccentricity = Earth's orbit becoming elliptical Obliquity = Variation in Earth's tilt Volcanic Activity = Release of gases and ash into the atmosphere from eruptions Solar Activity = Variability in the Sun's energy output</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ice cores used for?

<p>To determine past climate conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Volcanic eruptions always cause long-term cooling effects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two extreme weather events amplified by climate change.

<p>Floods and droughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise in average global temperatures since 1880 is measured over the ________ period.

<p>Quaternary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which greenhouse gas is specifically mentioned as being harmful when re-emitted?

<p>Methane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Global Warming?

<p>The increase in the earth's atmosphere's average temperature since 1880 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the climate change evidence with their descriptions:

<p>Ice Cores = Columns of ice taken from frozen areas like Antarctica Melting Ice = Leading to sea level rise More Extreme Weather = Caused by warmer atmospheric temperatures meaning more evaporation Sea Level Rise = Caused by glacial melting and expansion of seawater as it warms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ice Cores: Scientists use ice cores in order to tell what the earth's _____ was like in the __. Ice cores contain ___ ____ of __ ___ __. Scientists can sample this air and measure how much __ was in the atmosphere at the time.

Melting Ice: ____ measure the changes in glaciers by measuring the condition of the ___ or ___ at several locations on the ____ at the end of the melt season.

<p>atmosphere, past, tiny pockets, trapped air, CO2; Scientists, snow, ice, glacier</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes more extreme weather?

<p>Warming atmospheric temperatures lead to more evaporation, resulting in increased moisture, precipitation, storms, droughts, and floods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the two methods that sea level rise is measured by:

<p>Tide gauges (B), Satellites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following natural causes of climate change with the number of years they take:

<p>Obliquity = 41,000 years Precession = 26,000 years Volcanic Activity = 11 years Eccentricity = 100,000 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each term related to Earth's movements with its correct description:

<h1>Eccentricity = The shape of Earth's orbit around the sun Obliquity = The angle of Earth's tilt Precession = The wobbling of Earth's axis over time (like a spinning top)</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Milankovitch cycles with what they might cause:

<p>Obliquity = If the poles tilt more towards the sun it makes it harder for ice to form there. Less ice means less heat reflected = planet gets warmer Precession = Can cause changes to the earth's seasons Eccentricity = Sometimes the earth's orbit around the sun is elliptical. Sometimes it is more round = rate of warming stays the same = heats up the earth Precession = Can cause changes to the earth's seasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Volcanic Theory:

  1. Firstly the volcano ____
  2. Then the eruption _____ _ ___ __, carbon dioxide and sulfur
  3. Overtime this cloud of ash ___ ___ __ _______.
  4. In the ___ ___ sunlight is reflected by the sulfur = ____
  5. In the ___ ___ infrared is trapped by carbon dioxide = ____

<ol> <li>erupts</li> <li>produces a cloud of ash</li> <li>spreads around the atmosphere</li> <li>short term, cooler</li> <li>long term, warmer</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Sometimes the sun gives out more energy, sometimes it gives out less. These are called lunar cycles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Greenhouse effect = a ____ ____ of which the earth's _______ ___ ___ from the sun. It is vital for life on earth. Enhanced Greenhouse effect = Where ____ ____ causes the _____ ____ to be more ______. It is harmful to life on earth.

<p>natural process, atmosphere traps heat, human activity, greenhouse effect, powerful</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects with their descriptions:

<p>Greenhouse Effect = More heat escaped Greenhouse Effect = Less re-emitted heat Enhanced Greenhouse Effect = Less heat escaped Enhanced Greenhouse Effect = More re-emitted heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples of global effects of climate change with what they caused:

<h1>Heat waves &amp; water shortages in Europe = 2022 Summer heatwave (new record = 40.1 degrees Celsius) - Fires broke out in Rotherham and homes were destroyed</h1> <p>Coastal flooding = Decreases rice production affecting 1 million people in Vietnam Severe droughts and evaporation of lakes in north/central Africa = Increased food insecurity among local populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major benefit of alternative energy production?

<p>It reduces COâ‚‚ emissions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alternative energy is a very effective method of dealing with COâ‚‚ emissions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major issue associated with changing agricultural systems?

<p>Requires educating farmers about the new technology and making it available to them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Planting trees (afforestation) helps to reduce CO2 emissions due to ____ removing __ from the atmosphere.

<p>trees, CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each climate change mitigation strategy with its main benefit:

<p>Alternative energy production = Reduces COâ‚‚ emissions Carbon capture and storage = Prevents COâ‚‚ from entering the atmosphere Planting trees = Removes COâ‚‚ from the atmosphere International agreements = Global cooperation on climate targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation strategy can help ensure food supply in drought-affected areas?

<p>Changing agricultural systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Managing water supply requires no new technology.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does planting drought-resistant crops and using more efficient irrigation serve as an adaptation strategy to climate change?

<p>Food supply will continue in drought-affected areas. Water use is more limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following adaptation strategies with their descriptions:

<p>Changing agricultural systems = Using drought-resistant crops Managing water supply = Recycling and reducing water usage Reducing risk from rising sea levels = Building physical barriers such as sea walls Water transfer schemes = Moving water to scarcity areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Global Warming

The average temperature of Earth has been increasing since 1880, primarily due to human activities.

Natural Greenhouse Effect

The natural process by which Earth's atmosphere traps heat from the sun, vital for life.

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

The increase in the natural greenhouse effect caused by human activities, leading to global warming.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the enhanced greenhouse effect.

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Sea Level Rise

The rise in sea level caused by the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, as well as the expansion of seawater due to warming.

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Milankovitch Cycles

Cycles that influence Earth's climate over long periods, including variations in Earth's orbit, tilt, and wobble.

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Volcanic Eruptions

The release of ash and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, often causing short-term cooling due to reflection of sunlight.

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Solar Activity

The sun's energy output varies over time, causing periods of warming and cooling on Earth.

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More Extreme Weather

Extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, and tornadoes, are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change.

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Ice Cores

Samples of ice taken from glaciers or ice sheets, providing a record of past climate conditions.

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Climate Change Mitigation

Strategies that aim to reduce the causes of climate change, such as greenhouse gas emissions, by implementing new technologies and practices.

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Alternative Energy Production

Using renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro to generate electricity instead of fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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Carbon Capture and Storage

Capturing carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and storing them deep underground to prevent them from entering the atmosphere.

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Afforestation

Planting trees and restoring forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and combat climate change.

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International Climate Agreements

International agreements between countries to take action on climate change, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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Climate Change Adaptation

Strategies that help people and ecosystems adapt to the impacts of climate change.

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Changing Agricultural Systems

Adjusting agricultural practices to cope with climate change, such as planting drought-resistant crops and improving irrigation efficiency.

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Managing Water Supply

Managing water resources to conserve and distribute water effectively in the face of climate change impacts.

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Reducing Risk from Rising Sea Levels

Protecting coastal areas from rising sea levels by building sea walls, raising buildings, and creating other coastal defences.

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Climate Change Mitigation

The process of reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to slow down climate change.

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Study Notes

Examples of Climate Change Impacts

  • Coastal flooding decreases rice production, affecting 1 million people in Vietnam
  • Severe droughts and lake evaporation in northern and central Africa
  • Heatwaves and water shortages in Europe
  • 2022 Summer heatwave, new heat record of 40.1°C in the UK
  • Wildfires broke out in rotherham homes and destroyed homes

Climate Change: Causes and Effects

  • Global warming: Average temperature increase since 1880
  • Climate change: The change in climate experienced in the Quaternary period, influenced by factors like changes in the Earth’s orbit or solar radiation
  • Climate change = Change in the average weather in a given period, influenced by factors like changes in the Earth’s orbit, solar radiation or volcanic activity
  • Ice Cores: Columns of ice from frozen areas, like Antarctica, are used by scientists to understand past atmospheric conditions, showing how much CO2 was in the atmosphere at different periods

Causes of Climate Change

  • Natural causes: Natural climate change factors, including the Earth's orbit, solar activity, and volcano eruptions
  • Greenhouse effect: A natural process where the earth's atmosphere traps heat from the sun, vital for life
  • Enhanced greenhouse effect: When human activity increases the concentration of greenhouse gases (like methane, CO2, etc) in the atmosphere, resulting in enhanced warming/heat, and harming the planet (excessive heat)

Effects of Climate Change on Weather

  • More extreme weather: Increased temperatures, more evaporation, more rainfall, more floods, droughts and tropical storms.
  • Climate change amplified: Climate change causes and amplifies the severity and frequency of extreme weather events (e.g floods and droughts)
  • Sea Level Rise: Measured using tide gauges and satellites, sea levels rising due to added water from melting glaciers and ice sheets
  • Impact of Increased Sea levels: Sea levels rise causing a large increase in sea levels through time
  • Increased storms and floods – Increased temperature leads to increase in evaporation which in turn leads to more frequent and extreme rainfall events and storm surges.

Milankovitch Cycles

  • Eccentricity: Earth's orbit around the sun varies in shape from elliptical to more circular, cycles every 100,000 years
  • Obliquity: Earth's axis tilts, changing from 22.1 to 24.5 degrees, cycles every 41,000 years
  • Precession: Earth's wobble on its axis, causing a change to the alignment of the planet relative to the sun. Cycles over 26,000 years
  • Solar Activity: The sun's energy output varies over time, impacting Earth's climate
  • Relationship between Earth's orbit (milankovitch cycles), solar radiation, and climate variations.

Volcanic Activity

  • Short Term Effects: Eruptions release ash and sulfur dioxide, which reflect sunlight causing cooling
  • Long Term Effects: Release carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming (over time)

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

  • More greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane (from human activity)
  • Less heat escaping.
  • Increased temperatures and global warming
  • Impact on global temperatures and weather patterns.

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Description

Explore the various impacts of climate change on our world, from severe droughts and flooding to record-breaking heatwaves. Understand the underlying causes of these changes, including global warming and shifts in Earth's climatic patterns. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of how climate change affects different regions and communities.

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