Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

Study Notes

Definition and Causes

Global climate change refers to the long-term warming of the planet due to an increase in the average global temperature.
Main cause: human activities that release greenhouse gases, such as:
- Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) for energy
- Deforestation and land-use changes
- Agriculture and livestock production
Natural causes:
- Volcanic eruptions
- Changes in Earth's orbit
- Variations in the Sun's energy output

Effects of Climate Change

Rising Global Temperatures:
- Average global temperature has risen by about 1°C since 1880
- 20 of the hottest years on record have occurred since 1981
Extreme Weather Events:
- Increased frequency and severity of heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall
- More intense hurricanes, wildfires, and floods
Sea-Level Rise:
- Oceans have risen by about 15-20 cm since 1900
- Thawing of polar ice caps and glaciers
Impacts on Ecosystems:
- Changes in species distribution and migration patterns
- Disruptions to food chains and ecosystems

Consequences and Impacts

Human Health:
- Increased risk of heat-related illnesses and deaths
- Spread of disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks)
Economic Impacts:
- Damage to infrastructure and property
- Losses in agriculture, forestry, and tourism
Food Security:
- Changes in crop yields and distribution
- Impacts on food availability and access
Social and Cultural Impacts:
- Displacement and migration of communities
- Loss of cultural heritage and traditional ways of life

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
- Transition to renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind)
- Improve energy efficiency in buildings and transportation
Carbon Capture and Storage:
- Technologies to capture and store CO2 emissions
Adaptation Measures:
- Sea walls and coastal protection
- Early warning systems for extreme weather events
- Climate-resilient infrastructure and urban planning

Description

Learn about the causes and effects of global climate change, including rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and impacts on ecosystems and human societies. Discover strategies for mitigation and adaptation.