Climate Change and Natural Climate Archives

<p>By examining trapped particles from the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrochronology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yearly and seasonal weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The historical composition of water and pollen content</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human records</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not offer direct measurements of the climate, but only descriptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The archives of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Past ocean temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A social proxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are precise and accurate measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not go back very far in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are used to observe past climate through natural evidence and human records</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific information about a single year's weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in solar activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cause short-term decrease in global temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atmospheric gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trapping heat within the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influences the chemical makeup of Earth's subsystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It depends on external energy from the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They determine which parts of the Earth receive more or less solar energy at different intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can result in significant, short-term global cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ESS examines the interactions between land, oceans, and atmosphere as a single system, whereas traditional methods study them individually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes a geological era in which human actions have become a major driver of planetary change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They trap heat, in a similar way to the way greenhouses trap heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External factors that can alter the stability of weather and climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a gas that helps to trap heat within the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They interact in complex ways at various geographical scales, influencing weather and climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The layers of the geosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It makes up the land, earth, and rock that constitute the planet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They interact in unpredictable ways that create complex results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To explain responses to the recognition that humans are causing climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive and negative feedbacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach that combines research from different academic fields to gather a more complete picture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single system composed of interacting subsystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various sources as clues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To define key concepts of Earth System Science and the Anthropocene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 1950.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may vary depending on the source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trapped heat radiating from the dashboard and other surfaces and not escaping through the windows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrous oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive feedbacks amplify the initial climate change, while negative feedbacks reduce it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exposes darker ocean water, which absorbs more solar energy, leading to more warming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A change in the climate system that mitigates or lessens the initial change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects sunlight back into space, causing cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unusually cold conditions in areas that are not normally that cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Written documents that may contain clues about past climate events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its melting or freezing affects the amount of solar energy that is reflected by the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A point at which climate changes become irreversible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melting ice reduces the albedo effect, causing more solar energy to be absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the natural world itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the snow cover reflects energy causing cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forcings initiate a change in a climate system, and feedbacks are subsequent reactions to that change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing greenhouse gases through various activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because climate trends over larger areas and timespans cannot be understood without detailed analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human-produced records like weather diaries and ship logs, and other accounts of climate-related developments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As proxies for indirectly estimating data, comparable to modern scientific measurements, such as temperature and average rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because plentiful harvests and favorable weather usually cause prices to decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of scholars who share common methods of studying a specific type of evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers the opportunity to learn from the strengths of different fields and overcome the limits of any single field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no key difference. They are effectively the same field of study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors unrelated to weather might also drive prices up or down so prices do not necessarily reflect weather conditions directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weather diaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growth and decline of glaciers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They devise systems to compare this record with other records for historical climate trends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the depiction may be from real life, or from the artist's imagination, or inspired by a different time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That a growing glacier suggests temperatures are declining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a scholar develops effective methods for analyzing sources that others begin to join.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers outside checks and balances on the findings made within each field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interpreting the language and script of the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of Climate and Society (HCS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ancient or old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that data from one location or time period is not generalized too broadly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Historical climatologists gather data from natural sources; climate historians use archives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current climate change is driven by human release of greenhouse gases, making it unique in history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operating machinery to analyze natural samples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To study correlations between past climate and past societies using rigorous historical methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Days, decates, millennia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using historical documents from societal archives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He pioneered the systematic analysis of historical archives for climate data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unprecedented rate of greenhouse gas released by humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential biases from the present day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of Climate and Society (HCS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They complement each other since they investigate climate from different perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The significant impact of human activities on current climate changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The period following the last global ice age, starting around 11.7 thousand years ago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geological classifications are taken very seriously, and the current climate is still being debated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A collection of stories about the major events in world history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political and social developments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the marker proposed by the AWG for the start of the Anthropocene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To have a term that refers to significant changes to the climate during this era.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periods of geological time within the Cenozoic era.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By directly mapping climate history over existing human history narratives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is taking place within a significantly shorter time than natural processes, due to human actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are constantly refined with new discoveries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement to account for new climate science discoveries and integrate them into established historical frameworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Holocene is the period that followed the last global ice age, while the Pleistocene came before.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By investigating evidence present in the natural world such as ice cores and tree rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because classifications in science should be made very carefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that current climate change may mark a new geological epoch with significant impact driven by human actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate and environmental interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of experts on Earth's geological epochs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are changes in the environment that accelerate the initial trend of change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around the year 2000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They investigate archives of nature like tree rings and ice cores to reconstruct climate history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand the relationship between climate history and human history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They interact on both local and global levels to create/influence climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Events that can change the balance within subsystems like volcanic eruptions and greenhouse gasses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By allowing a new perspective on the challenges and processes of a changing environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can limit the scope of inquiry, potentially overlooking important climate impacts and reducing the field to old frameworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing causal relationships between climate conditions and human events without falling into climate determinism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that climate dictates or determines the course of human history and culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing the specific causal mechanisms through which climate impacts human behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate history generally spans millions of years while detailed human history is typically recorded over a few thousand years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is credited with raising awareness of how dramatically humans can alter ecosystems in a short period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A period when human behavior has significantly impacted the Earth's climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to overlooking other important observations, resulting in biased results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distinguishing between coincidence and causation in observed events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the time scales for climate change and the recording of human history are vastly different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often presented a strong argument for climate determinism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing specific causal mechanisms to understand how climate impacts human behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans lacked an awareness of their potential to significantly alter the Earth's climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can reveal correlations between major social events and climate-related conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rejecting ideas around climate determinism and focusing on specific causal mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers