Climate Change and Human Security

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Questions and Answers

What role do states play in providing economic freedoms?

  • States create conditions for individuals to seek employment and engage in economic transactions. (correct)
  • States eliminate the need for personal economic initiative.
  • States provide lifelong financial security regardless of individual circumstances.
  • States guarantee employment opportunities for all citizens.

Which of the following is NOT a function performed by strong liberal-democratic states?

  • Maintaining a monopoly on all economic activities. (correct)
  • Controlling the legitimate use of force.
  • Ensuring transparency to mitigate corruption.
  • Providing social opportunities such as education and healthcare.

How do extensive and effective state functions impact society?

  • They reduce the significance of civil liberties.
  • They foster conflict resolution mechanisms and economic growth. (correct)
  • They lead to greater anxiety about the future.
  • They increase the likelihood of economic stagnation.

What is the relationship between state capacity and the risk of violent conflict?

<p>Weak state capacity increases the likelihood of violent conflict. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for states to provide in order to maintain legitimacy?

<p>Extensive administrative hierarchies and conflict mediation capabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the connection between human insecurity and violent conflict not imply?

<p>Widespread human insecurity guarantees violence will occur. (A), Local factors exclusively cause violent conflicts in developing countries. (C), The poor are solely responsible for most violent acts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is suggested to help in securing protection from violence?

<p>Livelihood security. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can states influence human security and conflict risk?

<p>By limiting available resources to certain groups. (A), By providing a stable environment and protecting livelihoods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do external factors play in violent conflicts according to the content?

<p>They can exacerbate local tensions and contribute to violence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can climate change relate to human security and violent conflict?

<p>It may increase the risk of violent conflict while negatively affecting human security. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human Insecurity & Violence

Widespread human insecurity, even when combined with other risk factors, doesn't automatically lead to violence.

State's Role in Human Security

The state plays a crucial role in promoting human security by providing opportunities, a stable environment, and protective measures.

State & Livelihoods

The state is a key institution for livelihoods, enabling people to pursue their economic activities with confidence.

Global Forces & Violent Conflicts

Many violent conflicts have international connections, involving global forces such as arms trading, private security firms, and foreign interventions.

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States & Conflict Resolution

States are often involved in both the causes and solutions to violent conflicts, even if conflicts are not always entirely local.

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State Capabilities

Capabilities provided by the state that empower individuals to lead fulfilling lives, such as income support, education, healthcare, and political freedoms.

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Strong State

The state's ability to collect revenue, enforce laws, and provide essential services efficiently and effectively. Often characterized by a strong administrative structure and control over the use of force.

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Conflict Risk Factors

Factors that increase the likelihood of violent conflict, such as limited state capabilities, poverty, and social inequality.

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Transparency Guarantees

The state's ability to maintain transparency and accountability in transactions, reducing corruption and promoting trust in market processes.

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Interconnected State Functions

The interconnectedness of various state functions. When one function is strong, it reinforces and empowers the others, creating a synergistic effect.

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Study Notes

Climate Change, Human Security, and Violent Conflict

  • Climate change is increasingly recognized as a security issue, potentially increasing the risk of violent conflict.
  • This paper integrates research on climate vulnerability, livelihoods, and conflict, and the role of the state to understand climate change's impact on human security.
  • Climate change undermines human security by reducing access to and quality of vital natural resources for livelihoods.
  • Climate change can also decrease a state's capacity to provide essential livelihoods support, potentially increasing the risk of conflict.
  • Empirical research is needed to confirm the connection between climate change and violent conflict.

Introduction

  • Climate change is significantly impacting ecological and social systems, as evidenced in reports from the IPCC.
  • Risks associated with climate change are substantial and require focused research.

Climate Change and Human Security

  • Earth's climate system is experiencing unprecedented change, impacting human security through factors like coastal erosion, decreased precipitation, and increased storm intensity.
  • Climate change impacts manifest through both changes in mean conditions (long-term) and increased intensity of extreme events (floods, droughts).
  • Unquantifiable risks exist, including glacier melt, thermohaline circulation collapse, and shifts in monsoon patterns.
  • These changes can trigger large-scale social disruptions, referencing previous climatic variations.

Human Insecurity and Violent Conflict

  • Research often separates human security and violent conflict, focusing on structural conditions rather than individual actor choices.
  • Youthful men with frustrated livelihood expectations may be more likely to join armed groups in times of uncertainty and instability.
  • Sudden, rather than chronic, poverty can increase the tendency to engage in violence.
  • Access to resources, education, and social support systems also influence a person's likelihood of engaging in violence.

The State and Human Security

  • States play a vital role in human security by providing livelihood support, guaranteeing rights, and maintaining stable environments.
  • Climate change can affect state capacity by impacting resource availability (e.g., water, food), increasing costs of service provision, and reducing government revenues.
  • States that are weaker, or perceived as less legitimate, by citizens may be associated with an increased likelihood of violent conflict.

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