Climate and Weather Differences

### Weather and Climate Differences

•  Weather is measured over short periods, such as hours or days, while climate is measured over long periods, such as decades or centuries.
•  Weather is specific to a particular location and time, while climate refers to the average weather patterns of a region over a long period.
•  Different instruments are used to measure them.

### Cyclone Origin

•  H. F. Blanford coined the term "cyclone".

### India Meteorological Department Establishment

•  The India Meteorological Department was established in 1875.

### Ocean Water Percentage

•  Approximately 97% of Earth's water is contained in the oceans.

### Troposphere Extent

•  The troposphere extends up to approximately 15 kilometers above Earth's surface.

### Weather Energy Source

•  Solar radiation is the primary source of energy that drives all weather systems.

### Atmospheric Nitrogen Percentage

•  Approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen.

### Earth's Axial Tilt

•  The Earth's axis is tilted at approximately 23.5 degrees.

### Astronomical Unit

•  One Astronomical Unit (AU) is approximately equal to 150 million kilometers.

### Ancient Indian Rainfall Records

•  The Brihatsamhita contains records of scientific measurements of rainfall.

### Reflected Solar Radiation

•  Approximately 30% of incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space by the atmosphere, clouds, and Earth's surface.

### Ozone Layer Location

•  The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere.

### Ocean Salinity

•  The salinity of ocean water is approximately 3.5%.

### First Meteorological Reporter

•  Captain Harry Piddington was appointed as the first Meteorological Reporter to the Government of India.

### First Meteorological Observatory

•  The first meteorological observatory was established in Calcutta by the British East India Company.

### Seasonal Changes on Earth

•  Earth's axial tilt and revolution cause the seasons.

### Thermocline Characteristics

•  The thermocline is characterized by a rapid decrease in temperature with depth.

### Ozone Layer Gas

•  Oxygen is the gas responsible for creating the ozone layer.

### Ocean Surface Coverage

•  Approximately 71% of Earth's surface is covered by oceans.

### Gulf Stream Example

•  The Gulf Stream is an example of an ocean current.

### Indian Monsoon Date

•  Varahamihira wrote about the date of onset of monsoons in central India.

### Current IMD Headquarters

•  The current headquarters of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) is in New Delhi.

### Early Atmosphere Composition

•  The Earth's early atmosphere was primarily composed of carbon dioxide and water vapor.