Climate and Seasons in India

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the climate of India?

  • Equatorial climate
  • Tropical monsoon climate (correct)
  • Polar climate
  • Desert climate

What weather conditions typically follow western disturbances in northern India?

  • Clear skies and rising temperatures
  • Warm weather and sunshine
  • Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms
  • Very cold weather and fog (correct)

What is the primary factor that causes temperature to decrease with altitude?

  • Increased air pressure
  • Decreased solar radiation
  • Adiabatic cooling (correct)
  • Increased humidity

Which of the following landforms blocks cold winds from Central Asia, helping to keep India warm?

<p>The Himalayas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What moderates the climate of coastal areas?

<p>Sea and land breezes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what months are December and January considered very cold in India?

<p>In most parts of India (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which direction do monsoon winds typically blow during the rainy season in India?

<p>From the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal towards the land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these locations is known as the wettest place on Earth?

<p>Mawsynram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hot and dry winds that blow over North India?

<p>Loo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which months does the coast of Tamil Nadu typically receive heavy rainfall?

<p>November to January (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these geographical facts affect the climate of India?

<p>The physical features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which zone does the southern part of India lie?

<p>Torrid zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for planting trees in an area where there was no forest previously?

<p>Afforestation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a benefit of natural vegetation?

<p>Habitat for animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are thunderstorms in Assam and West Bengal called?

<p>Norwesters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors least influences the type of natural vegetation found in a particular place?

<p>The prevailing wind patterns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is conservation of natural vegetation crucial for human survival?

<p>It maintains ecological balance and provides essential resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the impact of the Himalayas on India's Climate?

<p>Northern India experiencing milder winters compared to regions at similar latitudes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Thar Desert contribute to rainfall in India?

<p>Its high temperature attracts monsoon winds, leading to rainfall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary distinction between afforestation and reforestation efforts?

<p>Afforestation occurs on barren land, while reforestation occurs on deforested land. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most likely consequence if deforestation continues at an accelerated rate?

<p>Disruption of ecological balance and increased vulnerability to natural disasters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for Tamil Nadu's coastal region receiving substantial rainfall during the winter months (November to January)?

<p>The shift in monsoon wind patterns after the summer monsoon season. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sea and land breezes primarily influence the climate of coastal regions in India?

<p>They moderate temperature, resulting in a more stable climate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the temperature patterns in the southern part of India due to its location in the torrid zone?

<p>High temperatures throughout the year, resulting in a hot climate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevailing weather condition in the northern plains, the western desert, and the southern plateaus in the absence of sea and land breezes?

<p>Extreme climate with significant temperature variations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What name is given to the thunderstorms experienced in Assam and West Bengal, particularly during the summer season?

<p>Norwesters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the increase in altitude affect temperature in India's physical landscape, particularly in the northern region?

<p>Temperature decreases, making northern mountains colder than plains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend of day and night lengths during the winter season in India?

<p>Nights are significantly longer than days. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many tourists prefer to visit hill stations in the northern mountains and the hill ranges of the southern plateaus during the summer season?

<p>To escape the summer heat and enjoy a cool climate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does India's location, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through it, influence its overall climatic conditions?

<p>It causes the southern part to experience high temperatures, contributing to a hot and humid climate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the proximity of the Tropic of Cancer influence temperature variations across India, considering its geographical placement?

<p>It contributes to higher annual temperatures and a hot, humid climate in the southern regions of India. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the combined effects of altitude and latitude influence the thermal contrast between the northern plains and the northern mountains during the summer months in India?

<p>The northern mountains are cooler due to altitude, creating a thermal contrast with the hotter northern plains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the interplay between sea and land breezes, which of the following scenarios best describes the climatic conditions observed across different regions of India?

<p>Coastal areas remain temperate due to the sea and land breezes, while inland regions experience extreme temperature variations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the seasonal reversal of wind patterns during the transition from winter to summer impact temperature and humidity levels across India?

<p>It leads to a widespread temperature increase and the onset of hot, dry conditions across most of India. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the regional variations in temperature and wind patterns during the summer months, how do local phenomena like 'loo' and 'norwesters' influence daily weather conditions?

<p>'Loo' winds cause dust storms across northern India, while 'norwesters' bring thunderstorms to Assam and West Bengal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical role do the Himalayas play in influencing India's climate, particularly during the winter months?

<p>They act as a barrier, preventing cold winds from Central Asia from entering India. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the impact of both the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, how do these geographical features interact to shape India's climate?

<p>The Thar Desert attracts monsoon winds which result in rainfall, and the Himalayas block cold winds from Central Asia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the uneven distribution of rainfall across India influence the natural vegetation and agricultural practices in different regions?

<p>It results in distinct vegetation zones and agricultural strategies adapted to local water availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given current trends of deforestation and forest cover in India, what long-term ecological and economic consequences could arise if afforestation and reforestation efforts are not significantly increased?

<p>Increased soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of water cycles, impacting agriculture and livelihoods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the timing of the monsoon season and rainfall patterns in Tamil Nadu differ from the rest of India, and what factors contribute to this unique precipitation regime?

<p>Tamil Nadu receives substantial rainfall between November and January due to the northeast trade winds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The southern part of India experiences a hot and humid climate due to its location in the torrid zone.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The western desert regions experience a moderate, maritime climate due to the sea breezes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In India, winter begins in mid-October and lasts until the end of January.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of the Himalayas causes higher temperatures in the northern plains during summer due to the blocking of cold winds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'loo' are cool, moist winds that bring relief from the summer heat in northern India.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coastal areas experience a moderate climate because land and sea breezes regulate the temperature.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physical features of India, specifically altitude, have no impact on the temperature variations across the country.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thunderstorms known as 'norwesters', experienced in Assam and West Bengal, are locally referred to as 'andhis'.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Western disturbances bring heavy rainfall to the plains and substantial snowfall to the southern mountains.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Thar Desert's relatively low temperature helps to keep monsoon winds away, resulting in less rainfall during the rainy season.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monsoon winds originate from the Gobi Desert and move towards the Bay of Bengal, bringing moisture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamil Nadu's coast experiences heavy rainfall during the typical Indian monsoon season from June to September.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Mawsynram receives approximately $600$ cm of rainfall annually, it would still be considered the wettest place on Earth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural vegetation in a specific area is primarily influenced by the region's average humidity levels.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reforestation involves planting trees in an area that was previously barren land without any prior forest cover.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The annual temperature range in the northern plains is significantly moderated by the consistent influence of sea breezes, similar to coastal regions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Tropic of Capricorn runs through the central part of India, directly influencing its temperature distribution and climatic zones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the summer months, the consistent cool temperatures in the northern mountains are primarily due to the foehn winds descending from the high peaks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The climate in India is affected by its location, physical features, and proximity to the sea.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intensity of dust storms in northern India during the summer is significantly reduced by the prevailing westerlies originating from the subtropical high-pressure belt.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Western disturbances, originating as strong winds from the east, lead to significant snowfall in the southern mountains and heavy rainfall in the plains.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the rainy season, winds originating from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, known as trade winds, move towards the sea, carrying significant moisture that leads to widespread drought conditions across most of India.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Thar Desert's low temperature is instrumental in attracting monsoon winds, triggering a substantial decrease in rainfall during the traditionally wet season across the Indian subcontinent.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While afforestation involves planting trees in existing forested areas to enhance biodiversity, reforestation refers to clearing out old-growth forests to make way for new tree plantations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India currently boasts that approximately two-thirds of its total land area is covered by forests, significantly exceeding the ideal ecological balance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strong winds from the west are called ______ disturbances.

<p>western</p> Signup and view all the answers

During winter months, the ______ block the cold winds from Central Asia, keeping India warm.

<p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

The high temperature of the ______ attracts the monsoon winds and causes rainfall during the rainy season.

<p>Thar Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rainy season is also known as the ______ season.

<p>monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the rainy season, winds blowing from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are called ______ winds.

<p>monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank], near Cherrapunji, is known as the wettest place on Earth.

<p>Mawsynram</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trees, bushes, and herbs that grow naturally are called ______ vegetation.

<p>natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cutting trees on a large scale is called ______.

<p>deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Planting trees in an area that was not a forest earlier is called ______.

<p>afforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Planting trees on deforested land is called ______.

<p>reforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

India experiences a tropical ______ climate.

<p>monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of Cancer passes almost through the middle of India.

<p>Tropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Temperature ______ with an increase in altitude.

<p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sea and land breezes moderate the climate of the ______ areas.

<p>coastal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hot and dry winds, called loo, blow over north ______.

<p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thunderstorms, called ______, are experienced in Assam and West Bengal.

<p>norwesters</p> Signup and view all the answers

The winter season continues till the end of ______.

<p>February</p> Signup and view all the answers

In India, variations in temperature, rainfall and ______ winds result in three main seasons.

<p>monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

The southern part of India lies in the ______ zone.

<p>torrid</p> Signup and view all the answers

The northern ______ and the hill ranges of the southern plateaus experience a cool climate.

<p>mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

India experiences a tropical ______ climate, characterized by seasonal variations in temperature, rainfall, and wind patterns.

<p>monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of Cancer passes almost through the middle of India, influencing the temperature distribution across the country.

<p>Tropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Areas located further away from the sea tend to experience more ______ climates, characterized by greater temperature extremes.

<p>extreme</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the summer months in northern India, hot and dry winds known as '______' are common, contributing to intense heat and dust storms.

<p>loo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thunderstorms, locally referred to as 'Kalbaisakhi', are frequently experienced in West Bengal, particularly during the ______ season.

<p>summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

The northern mountains and hill ranges of the southern plateaus provide a respite with a cool climate, attracting many tourists during the hot ______ season.

<p>summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

The winter season, characterized by mild weather in coastal areas and very cold conditions in the northern mountains, spans from mid-November to the end of ______.

<p>February</p> Signup and view all the answers

The southern part of India lies in the ______ zone, resulting in high temperatures throughout the year and a hot, humid climate.

<p>torrid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Temperature generally ______ with an increase in altitude, causing the northern mountains to be colder than the northern plains, even in summer.

<p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sea and land ______ play a significant role in moderating the climate of coastal areas, preventing extreme temperature fluctuations.

<p>breezes</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the winter months, the ______ block the cold winds from Central Asia, helping to keep India warm.

<p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

The high temperature of the ______ attracts monsoon winds, contributing to rainfall during the rainy season in India.

<p>Thar Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

Winds blowing from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal towards the land during the rainy season are called ______.

<p>monsoon winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank], near Cherrapunji, in Meghalaya is known as the wettest place on Earth, receiving over 1100 cm of rainfall annually.

<p>Mawsynram</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike most of India, the coast of ______ experiences heavy rainfall between November and January.

<p>Tamil Nadu</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of ______ found in a place depends on its climate, influencing whether coniferous forests or thorny bushes will thrive.

<p>natural vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protecting our natural vegetation involves both ______, planting trees in new areas, and reforestation, planting trees on deforested land.

<p>afforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strong winds from the west, known as ______, cause light rainfall in the plains and snowfall in the northern mountains.

<p>western disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

The removal of trees on a large scale is known as ______, which has a negative impact on our natural vegetation.

<p>deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

To maintain ecological balance, it's considered ideal for about ______ of a country's total area to be covered by forests.

<p>one-third</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Western Disturbances

Winds from the west that cause rainfall in plains and snowfall in northern mountains.

Monsoon Winds

Winds blowing from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards land, carrying moisture and causing rainfall.

Natural Vegetation

The natural cover of trees, bushes, and herbs in an area.

Deforestation

Removing or clearing forests for other uses.

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Afforestation

Planting trees in an area that was not previously a forest.

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Reforestation

Replanting trees on land that was previously deforested.

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Conservation

Protecting and preserving natural resources.

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Indian Climate

India's climate, influenced by temperature, rainfall, and monsoon winds, varies across regions and seasons.

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Factors Affecting Climate

Latitude, altitude, and proximity to the sea affect India's climate.

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Tropic of Cancer Effect

The Tropic of Cancer passes through India, causing high temperatures in the southern part.

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Land and Sea Breezes

Land and sea breezes keep coastal areas mild, while inland areas experience extreme temperatures.

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Summer Season in India

The hot, dry season in India from March to June.

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"Loo" Winds

Hot, dry winds in North India during summer.

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Norwesters

Thunderstorms in Assam and West Bengal during summer.

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Winter Season in India

The cold season in India from November to February.

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Monsoon Season

The rainy season in India, typically from June to November, bringing moisture-laden winds and substantial rainfall.

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Uneven Rainfall

Uneven distribution refers to the varying amounts of rainfall different regions receive.

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Meghalaya

The state in northeastern India known as the wettest place on Earth.

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Ideal Forest Cover

India should have a certain portion of land covered with forests.

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Importance of Forests

What forests provide humans, e.g. air, wood, oils, etc.

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"Loo"

Hot and dry winds that blow across North India during the summer.

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Summer Season

The season in India that spans from the beginning of March to the end of June, characterized by hot, dry weather.

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Winter Season

The season in India from mid-November to the end of February; known for colder temperatures.

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Tropical Monsoon Climate

The climate experienced in India, influenced by temperature, rainfall patterns and monsoon winds.

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Climate Factors

Latitude, altitude and proximity to the sea that impacts weather patterns and temperatures.

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Torrid Zone

A zone in the southern part of India characterized by high temperatures throughout the year.

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Moderate Climate

A weather phenomenon in coastal areas where the sea and land breezes keeps temperature moderate.

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"Loo" Winds in India

Hot and dry winds that blow across North India during the summer season.

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Norwesters (Kalbaisakhi)

Thunderstorms experienced in Assam and West Bengal during the summer season.

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Indian Summer Season

The time of year that spans from March to June, characterized by hot, dry weather across most of India.

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Indian Winter Season

The period from mid-November to the end of February, known for colder temperatures.

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Coastal Humidity

High humidity due to the proximity to the sea.

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Tamil Nadu Coast Rainfall

A state particularly known for receiving heavy rainfall during the retreating monsoon season.

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Himalayan Climate Influence

The mountain range that blocks cold winds from Central Asia, keeping India warmer.

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Thar Desert's Role

A hot desert in India whose high temperatures attract monsoon winds, contributing to rainfall.

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Natural Vegetation Types

Trees, bushes, and herbs that grow naturally in an area and are determined by the climate.

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Advantage of Natural Vegetation

The removal of forests on a large scale by humans.

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Climate Variation in India

Temperature and rainfall vary across India by season and location.

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India's Climate Type

India's climate is described as a tropical monsoon climate.

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Climate Factors in India

Location, physical features, and distance from the sea.

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Torrid Zone Location

The part of India where the temperature stays high year-round.

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Altitude and Temperature

Mountains are colder than plains due to increasing altitude.

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Coastal Climate

Land and sea breezes create a stable and balanced temperature.

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Indian Summer Months

March to June, characterized by hot weather and dry conditions.

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Indian Winter Months

November to February, known for cooler temperatures.

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Retreating Monsoon Season

The period after the rainy season when monsoon winds start to retreat.

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Coniferous Forests

Forests found in cold, high-altitude regions, characterized by cone-bearing trees.

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Thorny Bushes and Scrubs

Plant life adapted to hot and dry climates, often with thorns or small leaves.

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Cutting Trees

Removal of trees, bushes and herbs in an area by Humans

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Gifts of Forests

Air purification, provision of wood, fruits, oils, gum, and herbs by enviroment.

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Re-establishing Tree Cover

Re-establishing tree cover on previously forested areas to restore ecosystems.

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Protecting Forests

Protecting from Humans cutting treets on large-scale and the enviromental impact.

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What is 'loo'?

Hot and dry winds that blow across North India during the summer.

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What are Norwesters?

Thunderstorms in Assam and West Bengal during summer, also known as Kalbaisakhi.

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Dry Season in India

A dry season when most of India experiences little to no rainfall.

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Himalayas and Thar

The Himalayas block cold winds, while the Thar Desert attracts monsoon winds.

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Retreating Monsoon

Winds blowing from the land towards the sea, resulting in little to no rainfall.

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Forest Product

Using trees from a forest for furniture, paper, and other items

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Soil Erosion

The process of soil being eroded or washed away by water or wind, often exacerbated by deforestation.

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Indian Summer

A season from March to June marked by high temperatures and dry conditions.

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Indian Winter

A season that begins in mid-November and lasts until the end of February, characterized by colder temperatures.

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Torrid Zone in India

The zone in the southern part of India that remains hot throughout the year.

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Mawsynram

A region in Meghalaya, India, recognized as the wettest place on Earth, receiving over 1100 cm of rainfall annually.

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Rainy Season

The period when winds blow from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards land, causing rainfall.

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Annual Rainfall

The amount of precipitation an area receives annually.

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Thorny Bushes

Plants adapted to hot, dry climates, often with small leaves or thorns.

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Forest Conservation

Sustaining forests for future benefit

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Re-establishment

Planting trees on land where forests previously existed.

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Tamil Nadu

A state in India which receives heavy rainfall during the winter months.

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The Himalayas and Thar Desert

Influences India's climate by blocking cold winds and attracting monsoon winds.

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"Loo" (Summer Winds)

Hot and dry winds blowing across North India during summer.

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Main Summer Months

From March to June, characterized by hot, dry weather across most of India.

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Main Winter Months

From mid-November to the end of February; known for colder temperatures in India.

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Torrid Zone: India

The part of India where temperatures remain high throughout the year.

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Altitude Effects

As altitude increases, temperature decreases.

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Coastal Climate Benefits

Land and sea breezes moderate temperature.

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Climate Variation.

India experiences temperature and rainfall that differ by season and location.

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Study Notes

  • India's temperature and rainfall vary by season and location.
  • India has a tropical monsoon climate.

Factors Affecting Climate

  • Climate is influenced by location, physical features, and distance from the sea.
  • The Tropic of Cancer passes through India, placing the southern part in the torrid zone, with consistently high temperatures leading to a hot, humid climate.
  • Temperature decreases with altitude, making northern mountains colder than plains, even in summer.
  • Sea and land breezes moderate coastal climates along in the coastal areas.
  • The northern plains, western deserts, and southern plateaus experience extreme climates without these breezes.

Seasons in India

  • Variations in temperature, rainfall, and monsoon winds result in three main seasons: Summer, Winter, and Rainy.

Summer

  • Begins in March and lasts until the end of June.
  • May and June are the hottest months, with days longer than nights.
  • Most of India experiences hot and dry weather, except for the northern mountains.
  • Hot, dry winds called "loo" affect northern India, and dust storms are common.
  • Coastal areas in southern India are less hot due to sea breezes but have high humidity.
  • Thunderstorms, known as "norwesters," occur in Assam and West Bengal, called "kalbaisakhi" in West Bengal.
  • Northern mountains and southern plateaus offer cooler climates, attracting tourists to hill stations.

Winter

  • Starts in mid-November and lasts until the end of February.
  • December and January are very cold in most of India, with nights longer than days.
  • Coastal areas have mild weather, while northern mountains experience very cold conditions.
  • Western disturbances cause light rainfall in the plains and snowfall in the northern mountains, which is followed by cold weather and fog.
  • Most of India remains dry, except for the Tamil Nadu coast, which receives heavy rainfall.

Rainy Season

  • Also known as the monsoon season, starting in June or July and lasting until mid-November.
  • Monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal carry moisture and cause rainfall across most of India.
  • Rainfall distribution varies greatly, with Meghalaya receiving about 800 cm annually, while some Rajasthan areas get less than 10 cm.
  • Mawsynram, near Cherrapunji in Meghalaya, is the wettest place on Earth, receiving over 1100 cm of rainfall annually.
  • The Tamil Nadu coast stays dry from June to September but receives rain between November and January.

Additional Factors

  • The Himalayas block cold winds from Central Asia during winter, keeping India warm.
  • The high temperature of the Thar Desert attracts monsoon winds, causing rainfall during the rainy season.

Natural Vegetation

  • Natural vegetation consists of trees, bushes, and herbs that grow naturally.
  • Climate dictates vegetation type, with coniferous forests in cold, high-altitude areas and thorny bushes in hot, dry regions.
  • Wood from trees is used for furniture, paper, pencils.
  • Forests provide a home to animals and prevent soil erosion.

Importance of Natural Vegetation

  • Provides pure air, wood, fruits, oils, gum, and medicinal herbs.

Conservation

  • Ideally, one-third of a country's area should be forested.
  • Currently, about one-fourth of India’s area is under forests.
  • Deforestation, caused by humans cutting trees on a large scale, is a concern.
  • It is essential to protect natural vegetation because not only is it useful but also because survival depends on it.
  • Afforestation involves planting trees in an area that was not previously a forest.
  • Reforestation involves planting trees on deforested land.

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