Climate and Geography Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between latitude and temperature?

As latitude increases, temperature decreases. (correct)

As latitude decreases, temperature decreases.

Latitude has no effect on temperature.

As latitude increases, temperature increases.

The Philippines is located near the equator. What type of climate would it most likely experience?

A hot and humid climate. (correct)

A polar climate with very little sunlight.

A cold and dry climate.

A temperate climate with four distinct seasons.

Which zone is characterized by moderate temperatures and four distinct seasons?

The polar zone.

The arctic zone.

The tropical zone.

The temperate zone. (correct)

Why do places near large bodies of water tend to have more moderate climates?

Bodies of water regulate temperature changes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the air as it rises up the windward side of a mountain?

It becomes saturated and condenses. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the rain shadow effect?

The leeward side of a mountain is dry due to descending air. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A wind that originates from a cold area would most likely bring what kind of temperature to a location?

Cool temperature. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Greenland and Antarctica are located in which climate zone?

Polar zone. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

To absorb infrared radiation and trap heat (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities contributes most to a person's carbon footprint?

Cooking (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of deforestation on greenhouse gases?

Reduces the capacity of the earth to absorb carbon dioxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which greenhouse gas is primarily emitted by motor vehicles?

Carbon dioxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of chemical fertilizers contribute to global warming?

They undergo conversion to nitrous oxide by microorganisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between El Niño and La Niña phenomena?

El Niño involves irregular warming of ocean waters; La Niña involves cooling (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of electricity is produced through burning coal, a fossil fuel?

97% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is NOT classified as a greenhouse gas?

Nitrogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Weather and Climate

Weather describes the day-to-day changes or patterns in the atmosphere at a specific place and time.
Climate is the average weather pattern in a location over a long period of time, typically 30 years or more.
Climate is more general than weather.

Factors Affecting Weather and Climate

Air Temperature: Measures how hot or cold the air is. Higher temperatures cause air molecules to move faster and water to evaporate more quickly. A thermometer measures temperature.
Air Pressure: The force of air molecules pushing on an area. Higher air pressure indicates fair weather, and lower air pressure indicates stormy weather.
Precipitation: Occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into larger droplets, forming clouds, and eventually falling to Earth (rain, snow, sleet, hail).
Wind: Winds from warm areas bring warm temperatures; winds from cold areas cool temperatures.
Proximity to Large Bodies of Water: Bodies of water moderate temperature. Land heats and cools faster than water. Coastal areas have milder climates than inland areas.
Latitude: The distance north or south from the equator. As latitude increases, temperature generally decreases.
Different latitudinal locations receive different amounts of direct sunlight which influences temperature variations.
Proximity to Mountain Ranges: Orographic effect: Moist air is pushed up a mountain slope and condenses, which leads to precipitation. Rain shadow effect: Dry air descends on the other side of the mountain, resulting in little or no precipitation.
Climate Change: Long-term average increase in global temperature. Activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation contribute to this.

Climate Change Causes

Greenhouse Gases: Gaseous substances like carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide, trap heat in the atmosphere.
Burning Gasoline: Carbon dioxide emissions from burning gasoline, a major source of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles.
Burning Fossil Fuels: Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels for electricity generation. This includes burning coal.
Increased Use of Chemical Fertilizers: Nitrogen in fertilizers converts to nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas.
Deforestation: Trees absorb carbon dioxide; deforestation reduces the absorption capacity and contributes to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Impacts of Climate Change

El Niño/La Niña: El Niño is an irregular warming of Pacific surface waters that affects trade winds; La Niña is the opposite, a cooling effect.
Poor Water Quality/Water Scarcity: Flood deposits, silt, chemicals from agricultural pesticides and fertilizers impact water quality and create water scarcity.
Emergence of Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Illnesses: Conditions like heatstroke, dengue fever, and waterborne diseases (like leptospirosis, and diarrhea) are affected by climate change.

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Description

Test your understanding of climate zones, the effects of latitude on temperature, and the impact of geographical features like mountains and bodies of water on climate. This quiz covers important concepts in physical geography and climatology.