SDG 13
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What is the goal of Thailand's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)?

  • To enhance climate change adaptation strategies
  • To promote sustainable agricultural practices
  • To invest in renewable energy sources
  • To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2030 (correct)
  • What does 'MRV' stand for in Thailand's NDC Roadmap on Mitigation 2021-2030?

  • Monitoring, Research, and Vulnerability
  • Mitigation, Reduction, and Validation
  • Management, Regulation, and Vision
  • Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (correct)
  • What does the term 'Resilient' refer to in the context of Thailand's National Adaptation Plan?

  • The capacity to adapt to new situations
  • The resilience of natural ecosystems
  • The strength of a community to overcome challenges
  • The ability to resist and recover from climate change impacts (correct)
  • What is the primary focus of the BMA Contribution on Climate Change?

    <p>To enhance climate change adaptation in Bangkok (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these approaches is NOT mentioned as an option to deal with climate change?

    <p>Dedicating resources to climate change research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the rapid climate change we are experiencing?

    <p>Human activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary greenhouse gas released by burning fossil fuels?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the greenhouse effect contribute to global warming?

    <p>It traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing temperatures to rise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases?

    <p>The Earth absorbs more radiation and warms up. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driver of climate change, as explained in the text?

    <p>The increase in the Earth's temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides burning fossil fuels, which other human activities contribute to climate change?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the relationship between greenhouse gases and global warming?

    <p>Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming by trapping heat in the atmosphere. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average minimum sea ice coverage from 1981 to 2010?

    <p>The orange line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is NOT specifically mentioned as a way to reduce CO2 emissions?

    <p>Restoring wetlands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of changing seasons on farmers?

    <p>Farmers may need to change crops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Kyoto Protocol (1997) in the context of reducing the threat of climate change?

    <p>It established a framework for international cooperation on climate change and set targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these strategies specifically aims to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) released into the atmosphere?

    <p>Improving energy efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the hazards associated with drought?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the sea ice coverage difference between 1981-2010 and 2020?

    <p>Human activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that sustainable agriculture can help reduce the threat of climate change?

    <p>By reducing soil erosion and improving soil health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much greater is the minimum sea ice coverage in 2020 compared to the average minimum sea ice coverage from 1981 to 2010?

    <p>1 million square miles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a carbon tax, as a government intervention to address climate change?

    <p>To penalize the use of fossil fuels and discourage their consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential impact of drought?

    <p>Increased food production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to improve energy efficiency to reduce the threat of climate change?

    <p>Because using less energy reduces the demand for fossil fuels that produce GHGs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of deforestation, according to the provided content?

    <p>Reduced ability of ecosystems to capture carbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the ways that climate change can impact transportation?

    <p>Interruptions due to extreme weather events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing deforestation an important strategy for combating climate change?

    <p>Because trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these government actions is NOT directly related to combating climate change?

    <p>Improving infrastructure and transportation systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall message of the text regarding climate change?

    <p>Climate change is a serious problem that requires immediate action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of countries is responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions?

    <p>The USA, the EU, and China (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why poorer countries are more vulnerable to climate change?

    <p>They lack the financial resources to adapt to the changing climate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of reduced sea ice on global climate?

    <p>Enhanced absorption of solar radiation, leading to warmer temperatures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the wealth of prosperous countries contribute to the climate crisis?

    <p>They have a higher per capita carbon footprint due to their consumption patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of the reduction of biodiversity mentioned in the text?

    <p>Creation of unstable ecosystems with reduced ecological balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is climate change a problem, according to the text?

    <p>It has severe consequences for the environment and human society, threatening the planet's future (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increased vulnerability of developing countries to climate change?

    <p>Their lack of financial resources to adapt to the changing climate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct impact of increased temperatures and heat waves?

    <p>Food shortage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of sea level rise, as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Melting glaciers and polar ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is a consequence of less ice reflecting sunlight?

    <p>Increased warming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a direct impact of melting glaciers and polar ice?

    <p>Damage to forests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sea level rise impact coastal areas?

    <p>Higher risk of floods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of increased malaria and dengue outbreaks?

    <p>Increased human illness and mortality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative consequence of damaged forests, according to the content?

    <p>Increased greenhouse gas emissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hazard associated with climate change, according to the content?

    <p>Increased air pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Greenhouse gases

    Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat, like CO2 and CH4.

    Greenhouse effect

    The process where greenhouse gases absorb and trap heat, raising Earth's temperature.

    Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

    A greenhouse gas produced by burning fossil fuels and respiration.

    Methane (CH4)

    A potent greenhouse gas emitted from livestock and landfills.

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    Climate change

    Significant changes in global temperatures and weather patterns over time.

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    Human activities causing climate change

    Actions like burning fossil fuels that increase greenhouse gases.

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    Natural climate change causes

    Gradual changes in climate due to natural events, like meteorite strikes.

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    Impact of high greenhouse gas proportion

    More greenhouse gases lead to more heat trapping and temperature rise.

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    Minimum Sea Ice Coverage

    The average area of ocean covered by sea ice during the year.

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    Changing Seasons

    Variations in regular seasonal patterns affecting climate and agriculture.

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    Drought

    A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water shortages.

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    Hazards of Climate Change

    Consequences of climate change that pose risks to health and environment.

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    Impacts of Drought

    Negative effects arising from prolonged lack of water.

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    Farmers' Adaptation

    Changes made by farmers to cope with changing climate conditions.

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    Financial Losses Due to Climate Change

    Economic impacts stemming from climate-related issues like crop failures and natural disasters.

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    Heat Stroke

    A severe condition caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, leading to the body's inability to regulate temperature.

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    Impacts of High Temperatures

    Increased health risks such as water shortages, crops dying, and animal illnesses due to extreme heat.

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    Malaria

    A disease caused by parasites transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, often worsened in warmer climates.

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    Dengue Fever

    A mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms, prevalent in tropical climates affected by heat.

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    Melting Glaciers

    The process of glaciers shrinking due to rising temperatures, contributing to sea level rise.

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    Sea Level Rise

    The increase in the global average sea level due to melting ice and thermal expansion of water as it warms.

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    Flooding in Coastal Areas

    Overflow of water onto normally dry land, particularly affecting regions close to oceans during sea level rise.

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    Coastal Erosion

    The loss of coastal land due to wave action and rising sea levels, threatening ecosystems and human structures.

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    Deforestation

    The destruction of forests which releases carbon dioxide and reduces tree capacity to capture it.

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    Biodiversity Loss

    Reduction of different species in an ecosystem, making it unstable.

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    Ecosystem Resilience

    The ability of an ecosystem to recover from disturbances.

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    Greenhouse Gas Emissions

    Gases like CO2 that trap heat in the atmosphere.

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    Wealth Disparity in Climate Change

    Richer countries cause emissions but can protect themselves better than poorer countries.

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    Effects of Climate Change

    Long-term impact on everyone, but more severe for poorer countries.

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    Polar Ice Feedback Loop

    Less polar ice leads to more ocean warming, reducing ice further.

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    Sea Ice Reflection

    Polar ice reflects sunlight, keeping regions cool and moderating climate.

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    SDG 13

    The Sustainable Development Goal aimed at urgent action against climate change and its effects.

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    Thailand's NDC

    Thailand's Nationally Determined Contribution outlines efforts to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change in line with global agreements.

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    Resilience

    The ability to withstand or recover from climate impacts and changes.

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    Adaptation

    Adjusting practices and strategies to cope with the effects of climate change.

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    Energy Efficiency

    Using less energy to provide the same service or output.

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    Renewable Energy Sources

    Energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar and wind.

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    Carbon Tax

    A tax imposed on companies for their carbon dioxide emissions.

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    Kyoto Protocol

    An international agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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    Cap on CO2 Emissions

    A limit set on the total level of carbon dioxide emissions allowed.

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    Methane Emissions Reduction

    Strategies to decrease methane released into the atmosphere.

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    Sustainable Agriculture

    Farming practices that maintain productivity without harming ecosystems.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 3: Climate Action (SDG 13)

    • The chapter focuses on climate action, a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
    • The presenter is Prof. Dr. Sandhya Babel, from the School of Bio-Chemical Engineering & Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University.

    Rising Natural Disasters

    • The number of natural disasters globally has risen significantly since 1980.
    • The data, collected by Munich Re, shows increases in hydrological, meteorological, and geophysical events.
    • There has been significant growth of natural disasters globally.

    Specific Disaster Events

    • Ubon floods in Thailand were the worst in history in 2022, impacting economic activities.
    • Flooding in Jakarta, Indonesia, worsened over a decade, according to news reports.
    • Over 2,000 people died in Spain and Portugal as a result of a heat wave in 2022, demonstrating unprecedented heat waves in Europe.
    • Australia experienced devastating bushfires described as an apocalypse, on Kangaroo Island in a recent example.

    Natural Disasters - Underlying Causes

    • The presentation uses images of floods, wildfires, storms and other disasters to emphasize the severity of the problem.

    Climate Change Definition

    • Climate change is defined as a significant change in measures of climate (like temperature, rainfall, and wind), lasting for an extended period (decades or more).
    • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Ireland provides this definition.

    What is Different This Time?

    • Earth's climate has changed many times throughout its history, cycling through ice ages and warm periods.
    • What's unique about the current period is substantial human influence contributing to natural climate change. This includes population growth, industrialization (150 years of industry based on fossil fuels) and economic growth.

    Greenhouse Effect Definition

    • The glass or plastic walls of a greenhouse trap heat.
    • Similarly, greenhouse gases (like CO2 and methane) in the Earth's atmosphere allow sunlight in but trap heat, warming the planet.

    Greenhouse Effect

    • Earth's climate is warming at an unprecedented rate.
    • The main driver of this global warming is the greenhouse effect.
    • This effect is caused by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2) in the atmosphere.
    • The increase in greenhouse gases is directly related to consumption of fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas, and the burning of fuels in cars, factories and power plants.

    Evidence Supporting Global Warming

    • NOAA's 2020 Global Climate Report documents past climate change and predicts future changes.
    • Average global surface temperature has increased by 1.28°C between 1970 and 2020.
    • The 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 2010.
    • Greenhouse gas emissions have increased by 90% since 1970 and 2020.
    • Changes in glaciers, patterns of rainfall, hurricanes and sea level rise are observed. Sea level rose 4-8 inches (10-20cm) in the last century as ice melted and ocean expanded.

    Melting Glaciers

    • Melting glaciers, particularly in areas like Muir Glacial National Park, Alaska, are demonstrably happening.
    • Global sea-level data shows a clear upward trend.

    Causes of Climate Change

    • Natural and human activity.
    • The following are the main human activities contributing to rapid climate change:
      • Burning fossil fuels for energy production and transportation
      • Deforestation (cutting down trees) leading to the release of more carbon dioxide.
      • Reduction of biodiversity weakens ecosystems' ability to capture excess carbon and cope with climate change.

    Other Key Causes

    • The graphic presentation emphasizes the role of combustion, deforestation, industrial emissions, fertilizer use, and animal agriculture as contributing factors to climate change.

    Who Does Climate Change Affect?

    • In the long term, climate change affects everyone.
    • Wealthy countries, due to historic contributions to emissions, have more capacity to protect themselves.
    • Poorer countries, who have contributed less, are typically the most affected by climate change impacts, as they usually have less capacity adapt to climate change. Countries that have contributed the least to climate change are the ones most affected.

    Climate Change Problems - Impacts

    • Shifts in agricultural zones.
    • Changes in water supply quality and availability. 
    • Extinction of species and loss of habitats.
    • Increased intensity and frequency of severe weather events (like hurricanes, flooding, droughts).
    • Coastal flooding and erosion.
    • Impacts on human health
    • Rising sea levels
    • Increased likelihood of floods

    Governmental Action

    • Governments should regulate greenhouse gas emissions, subsidize energy efficient technologies and implement international agreements to curb emissions.

    Ways to Prepare for Climate Change

    • Implement strategies, such as moving hazardous materials away from coastal areas, stockpiling food supplies, and relocating vulnerable populations.

    Climate Action Solutions (SDG 13)

    • The presentation underlines the importance of taking urgent actions to combat climate change and to strengthen resilience to climate related disasters.

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