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Questions and Answers
What are the two main components of the client-server paradigm?
Which protocol is primarily used by web browsers to access web services?
What was the initial goal of the World Wide Web when it was proposed?
In the context of the World Wide Web, what role does a web client play?
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When a client requests content from multiple servers, what is occurring?
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Which of the following protocols is not classified under client protocols for web clients?
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What does the acronym 'CERN' stand for in the context of the World Wide Web?
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What type of service does the World Wide Web provide?
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What does a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) require to uniquely identify a web page?
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Which protocol is commonly assigned to port 80?
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In a nonpersistent connection, what happens after a client sends a request?
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What are the three broad categories of documents found in the World Wide Web?
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Which statement best describes the role of TCP in HTTP communication?
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What is the first step for a client to initiate communication with a server using TCP?
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What is the role of the path in a URL?
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Which of the following is NOT a method used to establish connections in HTTP?
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What is a key advantage of using a persistent connection?
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Which of the following describes the role of cookies on the web?
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What happens when a server sends a cookie in a response?
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Which HTTP status code indicates a successful request?
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Which feature is NOT associated with persistent connections?
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Which information is typically included in the cookie stored by a server?
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What does a 3xx HTTP status code signify?
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In what scenario can a server close a persistent connection?
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Study Notes
Client-Server Paradigm
- Consists of a client and a server
- A client initiates communication by sending a request
- A server waits for requests from clients
- An example is the World Wide Web, where a web browser is the client and a web server provides the service
World Wide Web (WWW) and HTTP
- Proposed by CERN in 1989 to enable researchers to share data
- Commercial usage gained prominence in the early 1990s
- A client-server service, with web browsers as clients and web servers providing services
- Websites contain web pages, stored on web servers
- Web clients include web browsers
- Web Servers are responsible for storing webpages and responding to requests
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- Used to identify a web page by its host, port, and path
- Host: the IP address or domain name of the server
- Port: a 16-bit integer, typically predefined for client-server applications (e.g., port 80 for HTTP)
- Path: specifies the file's location and name within the server’s file system.
- The protocol (HTTP, FTP) determines the client-server application to be used.
- The format combines the protocol, host, port, and path
Web Document Types
- Static documents: content remains unchanged
- Dynamic documents: content changes based on user input or server-side logic
- Active documents: content includes interactive features like scripts or applets
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Defines rules for client-server communication to retrieve web pages
- Clients send requests, while servers return responses
- Server typically uses port 80, while clients use temporary ports
- Uses the services of TCP for reliable, connection-oriented communication
HTTP Connection Types
- Nonpersistent: a TCP connection is established for each request/response, closing after each transaction.
- Persistent: a TCP connection remains open for multiple requests, saving time and resources.
HTTP Methods
- GET: retrieves data from a specified resource
- POST: sends data to a specified resource
- HEAD: retrieves the header information of a specified resource
- PUT: stores data at a specified resource
- DELETE: removes a specified resource
HTTP Status Codes
- Success (2xx): indicates successful completion
- Redirection (3xx): directs the client to another resource
- Error (4xx): indicates a client error
- Error (5xx): indicates a server error
Cookies
- Used to store information about clients on the server
- Stored by browsers in the cookie directory, sorted by domain name
- Provide features like remembering login details, visitor counters, and targeted advertising
Request and Response Messages
- Follow a specific format.
- Request Messages contain headers (e.g., GET, POST) and the requested URL.
- Response Messages consist of headers (e.g., status code, cookies, content-type), followed by the actual data.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of the client-server paradigm, including its components and examples like the World Wide Web. You will also learn about HTTP and Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), essential for understanding web communication. Test your knowledge on how web browsers and servers interact!
