Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following tiers is responsible for managing application data in client server architecture?
Which of the following tiers is responsible for managing application data in client server architecture?
What is a primary advantage of using a client server application?
What is a primary advantage of using a client server application?
In client server architecture, which tier primarily handles the user interface?
In client server architecture, which tier primarily handles the user interface?
Which of the following accurately describes the dual tier architecture?
Which of the following accurately describes the dual tier architecture?
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Which characteristic distinguishes a three-tier architecture from a two-tier architecture?
Which characteristic distinguishes a three-tier architecture from a two-tier architecture?
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What is considered a disadvantage of using a single tier architecture?
What is considered a disadvantage of using a single tier architecture?
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In which type of architecture is a thin client typically implemented?
In which type of architecture is a thin client typically implemented?
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Which layer of the client server architecture is responsible for business application logic?
Which layer of the client server architecture is responsible for business application logic?
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What role does MongoDB serve?
What role does MongoDB serve?
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Which use case is most appropriate for React?
Which use case is most appropriate for React?
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What primary feature does Django provide for web application development?
What primary feature does Django provide for web application development?
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What is a main function of Apache Kafka?
What is a main function of Apache Kafka?
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How does Docker benefit application deployment?
How does Docker benefit application deployment?
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What type of applications is MongoDB best suited for?
What type of applications is MongoDB best suited for?
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Which characteristic distinguishes React from other frontend frameworks?
Which characteristic distinguishes React from other frontend frameworks?
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What is a key use case for Kafka?
What is a key use case for Kafka?
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What is the primary role of AWS?
What is the primary role of AWS?
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Which of the following describes Flask?
Which of the following describes Flask?
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What functionality does Streamlit provide?
What functionality does Streamlit provide?
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What is the main purpose of the frontend in web application architecture?
What is the main purpose of the frontend in web application architecture?
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Which of the following accurately describes the rendering engine in a browser?
Which of the following accurately describes the rendering engine in a browser?
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What role does CSS serve in web development?
What role does CSS serve in web development?
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What type of technologies are typically involved in the back end of web application architecture?
What type of technologies are typically involved in the back end of web application architecture?
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Which programming languages can typically be used in a web server environment?
Which programming languages can typically be used in a web server environment?
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What does the JavaScript interpreter do?
What does the JavaScript interpreter do?
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What does HTML allow us to define?
What does HTML allow us to define?
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What is the primary purpose of HTML?
What is the primary purpose of HTML?
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How is the information in HTML typically stored?
How is the information in HTML typically stored?
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What does the
tag represent in HTML?
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What does the
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What is the function of the ![]()
tag in HTML?
What is the function of the tag in HTML?
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What does CSS allow us to control?
What does CSS allow us to control?
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What is the purpose of wrapping information in HTML?
What is the purpose of wrapping information in HTML?
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What does the CSS rule '* { color: blue; margin: 10px; font: 14px Tahoma; }' accomplish?
What does the CSS rule '* { color: blue; margin: 10px; font: 14px Tahoma; }' accomplish?
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Which of the following is NOT a method to add CSS rules to a website?
Which of the following is NOT a method to add CSS rules to a website?
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How can you change the background color of a DIV tag to red in CSS?
How can you change the background color of a DIV tag to red in CSS?
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Which CSS property controls the space inside an element's border?
Which CSS property controls the space inside an element's border?
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What effect does 'border-radius: 2px;' have on an element?
What effect does 'border-radius: 2px;' have on an element?
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Study Notes
Client Server Architecture
- Client server architecture consists of three tiers: Client/Presentation, Application, and Data.
- The Client/Presentation tier is the user interface (UI).
- The Application tier handles data processing.
- The Data tier stores and manages application data.
- Benefits of client server architecture:
- Reliability: Each tier can operate independently, reducing the risk of a single point of failure.
- Modular: Applications can be developed and maintained as independent modules, allowing for easier updates and replacements.
Web Stack
- MongoDB is a document-oriented database that stores data in JSON-like documents. It's highly scalable and well-suited for applications requiring high performance and flexible schema. Use cases include storing user data, product details, content, or any other data where a NoSQL schema is beneficial.
- React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces, especially single-page applications. It allows for creating dynamic, responsive, and reusable UI components. It can consume APIs provided by backend frameworks like Django or Flask.
- Django is a high-level Python web framework that enables the rapid development of secure and scalable web applications. It follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern and provides features like authentication, ORM, and routing. Use cases include building backend APIs for web and mobile applications, handling complex business logic, managing user authentication, and interfacing with databases like MongoDB.
- Kafka is a distributed event streaming platform capable of handling real-time data feeds. It enables microservices and distributed systems to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability. Use cases include streaming data between services, building event-driven applications, real-time data pipelines, and distributed processing.
- Docker packages applications and their dependencies into containers, allowing them to run consistently across various environments. It ensures applications are platform-agnostic and easy to deploy. Use cases include packaging and deploying the entire application stack (React frontend, Django backend, MongoDB, Kafka) as containers. This is particularly useful for microservices architecture and cloud deployments on AWS.
- AWS offers cloud infrastructure, storage, and various other services. It enables hosting and scaling applications, managing databases, deploying Docker containers, and using advanced cloud-based tools. Use cases include hosting the entire application stack, including containerized services, managing databases, implementing serverless components, and using AWS Lambda for specific serverless functions.
- Flask is a minimalistic Python framework, often used for microservices or simple APIs, providing flexibility when Django might seem too heavy. Use cases include building microservices, creating RESTful APIs, or lightweight services that interact with other parts of the application.
- Streamlit is a Python library that allows for quickly building interactive data applications. It's particularly useful for data science and machine learning applications, enabling the creation of web-based interfaces for ML models and data visualizations. Use cases include developing data-driven applications, creating dashboards or ML model interfaces, and serving analytics applications to end-users.
Web Application Architecture
- User actions in a web application architecture include collecting data and displaying results.
- The Frontend is what users see and interact with, comprised of HTML, CSS, and Javascript.
- The Webserver contains the application logic, often using languages like PHP, Javascript, Python, or Java.
- The Backend consists of the file system (HTML, CSS, images) and the database (mySQL, postgresSQL, mariaDB).
Frontend Technologies
- HTML defines the structure and content of a document or website.
- CSS controls the visual aspect, determining colors, margins, positions, sizes, and behaviors.
- Javascript enables interactivity.
Inside A Browser
- Key parts of a browser include the rendering engine and the Javascript interpreter.
- The rendering engine transforms HTML/CSS into visual images.
- The Javascript interpreter (also known as the VM, virtual machine) executes Javascript code.
HTML
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
- HTML defines the structure of a document or website.
- HTML is used to structure content, not define algorithms.
- HTML is a subset of XML (extensible markup language).
HTML: Basic Rules
- HTML uses XML syntax - tags with attributes that can contain other tags and content.
- Information in HTML is stored as a tree-like structure of nodes containing other nodes.
- This tree is called the DOM (Document Object Model).
DOM is a Tree
- The DOM is a tree-like structure where each node can have only one parent but multiple children.
HTML: Main Tags
- The
<div>tag is a container usually representing a rectangular area with information inside. - The
<img>tag represents an image. - The
<a>tag creates a clickable link to another URL. - The
<p>tag represents a text paragraph. - The
<title>tag sets the title of the page. - The
<input>tag is a widget for user input. - The
<style>tag is used to insert CSS rules. - The
<script>tag is used to execute Javascript code. - The
<br>tag is a null tag (doesn't do anything) and is useful for tagging information. - The
<button>tag creates a button. - The
<audio>tag plays audio. - The
<video>tag plays video. - The
<canvas>tag draws graphics from Javascript. - The
<iframe>tag embeds another website within the current one.
HTML: Wrapping the Info
- Wrapping information with HTML tags provides structure, making it easier to access and present.
CSS
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows specifying how to present (render) document information stored in HTML.
- CSS enables control over:
- Colors (content, background, borders)
- Margins (interior, exterior)
- Position (where to place elements)
- Sizes (width, height)
- Behavior (changes on mouse over)
Example CSS Code
-
* { color: blue; margin: 10px; font: 14px Tahoma; }- This will change all tags in the web (since*means all) to appear blue with Tahoma font, 14 pixels in size, and a 10-pixel margin around them.
Common CSS Fields
-
color: #FF0000; red; rgba(255,00,100,1.0);- different ways to specify colors. -
background-color: red; -
background-image: url('file.png'); -
font: 18px 'Tahoma'; -
border: 2px solid black; -
border-top: 2px solid red; -
border-radius: 2px;- to remove corners and make them more rounded. -
margin: 10px;- distance from the border to outer elements. -
padding: 2px;- distance from the border to inner elements. -
width: 100%; 300px; 1.3em;- various ways to specify distances. -
height: 200px; -
text-align: center; -
box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px black; -
cursor: pointer; -
display: inline-block; -
overflow: hidden;
Ways to Add CSS Rules
- Insert code inside a
<style>tag:p { color: blue } - Reference an external CSS file: (Link to the CSS file in the HTML)
- Use the
styleattribute on a tag:<p style="color: blue"> - Use Javascript: (Javascript code manipulating the DOM)
Example CSS Code (continued)
-
div { background-color: red; }- Changes the background color of thedivtag to red. -
body { background-color: red; }- Changes the background color of thebodytag to red.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of client server architecture, including its tiers and benefits. Additionally, delve into key components of the web stack such as MongoDB and React. This quiz will help you understand how these technologies work together in modern applications.
