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What factors contributed to the decline in clerical jobs for women in the United States banking industry during the late 20th century?
Technological changes like automated teller machines (ATMs) and online banking reduced the need for bank tellers, leading to job losses disproportionately affecting women in clerical roles.
How did the automation of clerical work impact the gender dynamics of employment in the banking sector?
While automation led to job losses for women in clerical roles, it simultaneously benefited men who often dominated newly created technical and professional jobs like computer programming.
What was the broader impact of automation on the skill level of bank employees in the United States between 1975 and 1995?
The proportion of bank workers in clerical jobs declined, while the share in professional jobs increased from 9% to 18%, making bank employees as a group more skilled due to the automation of lower-skilled clerical positions.
How did the spatial relocation of clerical jobs impact employment opportunities for women of color in urban areas?
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What factors influenced the initial relocation of clerical jobs to suburban areas in the mid-1960s?
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How did public policies and residential patterns contribute to the geographical separation of clerical jobs from urban centers?
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What is the significance of the relocation of call centers to strip malls, urban fringes, and rural areas?
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How has the globalization of services impacted the location of clerical jobs?
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What new types of jobs have emerged as a result of technological changes in the clerical sector, and how do they differ from traditional clerical roles?
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How did the relocation of clerical jobs from downtown areas to suburbs and other locations reflect and reinforce existing social and economic disparities?
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