CLAT Power Prep 2025 Lecture 01

A UN agreement defining genocide and outlining actions to prevent and punish it.

Five acts aimed at destroying a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group listed in the Genocide Convention. Include killing members of the group or causing physical or mental harm.

The primary judicial organ of the UN addressing legal disputes globally and formally establishes in 1945.

The 19th summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was held in Kampala, Uganda.

The theme of the 19th Non-Aligned Movement summit was "Deepening Cooperation for Shared Global Affluence."

Uganda took over the chairmanship from Azerbaijan at the 19th Non-Aligned Movement summit, holding the position until 2027.

The ICJ settles disputes between countries or nations based on international laws.

Uganda's president, during the NAM Summit, expressed regret on expulsion of Indians due to past political issues.

An international organization of countries that do not formally align with or against major global political powers.

Leaders like Josip Broz Tito, from Yugoslavia, and leaders from Egypt, India, Indonesia, and Ghana helped start the Non-Aligned Movement.

To ensure self-determination, national independence, sovereignty and support the economic advancement of developing nations.

NAM has 120 member states, being one of the largest global organizations aside from the United Nations.

The Non-Aligned Movement was formed during the Cold War to avoid alignment with either the US or Soviet Union.

In 1972, Idi Amin expelled around 80,000 Indians from Uganda, and forced them to leave within 90 days.

The Non-Aligned Movement addresses economic disparities between developing and developed countries to promote global affluence.

The first Non-Aligned Movement summit was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, an event that brought together nations for discussions about global issues and peaceful coexistence.

A three-stage launch vehicle designed by ISRO for deploying satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits.

A meteorological satellite launched by ISRO's GSLV-F14. It enhances weather forecasting and environmental monitoring.

The Indian Space Research Organisation, responsible for space technology and exploration.

ISRO's central command is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, a hub for India's technological and scientific advancement.

India's Mars Orbiter Mission, launched in 2013 to study Martian atmosphere and surface.

India's first lunar orbiter, launched in 2008, studied the moon's surface and environment.

It marks India's advancement in space technology, particularly in meteorological monitoring and environmental observation.

ISRO is responsible for developing space technology and applying it to national development, including space science research and planetary exploration.

The GSLV-F14 is a three-stage launch vehicle, each with different types of propellants for optimal performance.

The first stage of the GSLV-F14, GS1, combines solid propellant and earth-storable propellant engines for powerful initial thrust.

propellant that can be stored at room temperature, unlike cryogenic propellants requiring extremely low temperatures.

The final stage of the GSLV-F14, using cryogenic propellants like LOX and LH2 for high efficiency and thrust during orbit insertion.

The second stage of the GSLV-F14, GS2, uses earth-storable propellants for reliable and efficient mid-flight performance.

Propellants that ignite on contact, eliminating the need for an ignition system in the GS2 stage.

Liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) are cryogenic propellants used in the GSLV-F14's final stage for high performance orbit insertion.

The GSLV-F14's design utilizes a unique combination of propellant types across its three stages to optimize performance and payload capacity.

The world’s largest urban sanitation and cleanliness survey conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) in India since 2016.

Sasvad in Maharashtra was declared the cleanest city in India among cities with a population below 1 lakh, according to the Swachh Survekshan 2023.

This award recognizes the city with the best safety standards for sanitation workers. Chandigarh received this award in the Swachh Survekshan 2023.

Madhya Pradesh secured the second position in the state cleanliness rankings during the Swachh Survekshan 2023, demonstrating its strong waste management practices.

The rankings are determined based on factors like door-to-door waste collection, source segregation, cleanliness of public areas, clean water bodies, and citizens' feedback on city cleanliness.

Annual awards recognizing the cleanest cities and states in India, based on cleanliness, sanitation, and waste management practices.

Indore, Madhya Pradesh, won the top spot for the seventh consecutive year, sharing it with Surat, Gujarat, which won for the first time.

Maharashtra was awarded the title of the cleanest state in India.

To encourage urban towns and cities to compete in improving their cleanliness and service delivery to citizens.

A national initiative launched in 2014 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, focused on promoting cleanliness, sanitation, and proper waste management in urban areas.

The survey has grown significantly since 2016, increasing from 73 participating cities to over 4,500 in 2023.

The survey heavily relies on citizen feedback, with 1.58 crore online responses and 19.82 lakh face-to-face interactions in 2023.