Classifications of Nanomaterials
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What is the definition of nanomaterials according to the text?

  • Substances that are between 1 and 50 nm in size, at least in one of the three dimensions
  • Substances that are between 1 and 100 nm in size, at least in one of the three dimensions (correct)
  • Substances that are between 1 and 1000 nm in size, at least in one of the three dimensions
  • Substances that are between 1 and 500 nm in size, at least in one of the three dimensions

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of natural nanomaterial?

  • Volcanic ash
  • Spider silk
  • Synthetic colloids (correct)
  • Mineralized natural materials like shells, corals, and bones

    • Which of the following is a classification of nanomaterials based on their structural configuration?

  • Fiber like, Biopersistent, CMAR
  • Zero dimension, One dimension, Two dimensions, Three dimensions
  • Micro-porous, Meso-porous, Macro-porous
  • Carbon based, Organic, Inorganic, Composite (correct)

    • Which of the following is a classification of nanomaterials based on their potential toxicity?

    <p>Fiber like, Biopersistent, CMAR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classification of nanomaterials based on their number of dimensions?

    <p>Four dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a natural nanomaterial mentioned in the text?

    <p>Volcanic ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials?

    <p>They have at least one dimension outside the nanoscale (greater than 100 nm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nanomaterials classified based on pore dimensions?

    <p>Microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a macroporous material?

    <p>Porous glasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of organic nanomaterial?

    <p>Ferrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT a type of nanomaterial based on the number of dimensions?

    <p>4D nanomaterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper limit for the diameter of mesoporous materials?

    <p>50 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a 0D nanomaterial?

    <p>Quantum dots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct classification of nanomaterials based on their structural configuration?

    <p>Organic, inorganic, carbon-based, and composite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of 1D nanomaterials?

    <p>Two dimensions (x, y) are in the nanoscale range, but one dimension (z) is outside the nanoscale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinguishing feature of 2D nanomaterials?

    <p>One dimension is in the nanoscale range, and the other two dimensions are outside the nanoscale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a 1D nanomaterial mentioned in the text?

    <p>Nano sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of nanomaterial based on structural makeup?

    <p>Organic materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nanocapsule micelles and liposomes sensitive to?

    <p>Heat, electromagnetic radiation, and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes inorganic nanoparticles from other nanoparticles?

    <p>They lack carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an example of a metal oxide nanoparticle?

    <p>Carbon monoxide (CO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are metal-based nanoparticles synthesized?

    <p>Through destructive or constructive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nanomaterials exhibit spontaneous magnetic order?

    <p>Concentrated magnetic semiconductor nanomaterials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of non-magnetic semiconductor nanomaterials?

    <p>Information processing and communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical diameter range of Carbon Nano fiber and Carbon black particles?

    <p>20 to 70 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Composites Nanomaterials typically formed?

    <p>Nanoparticles combined with bulk-type materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of nanomaterials is classified based on their potential toxicity as CMAR nanoparticles?

    <p>Fiber-like nanoparticles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the workplace exposure limits for bio persistent granular nanoparticles and rigid nanomaterials?

    <p>10^4 to 10^5 fibers/m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nanoparticles has proposed exposure limits of 2×10^7 particles/m3?

    <p>Silver nanoparticles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a CMAR (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Asthma genic, Reproductive toxin) nanoparticle?

    <p>Beryllium nanoparticles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nanomaterial Definition

    • Nanomaterials are materials with at least one dimension in the nanometer scale (1-100 nm).

    Natural Nanomaterials

    • Not a natural nanomaterial:
      • Artificial nanoparticles
      • Natural nanomaterials include materials like viruses, clay minerals, and biomolecules.

    Nanomaterial Classification - Structural Configuration

    • Classification based on structural configuration:
      • 0D (zero-dimensional): Quantum dots, nanoparticles
      • 1D (one-dimensional): Nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods
      • 2D (two-dimensional): Graphene, nanosheets
      • 3D (three-dimensional): Nanofoams, aerogels, nanowires

    Nanomaterial Classification - Potential Toxicity

    • Classification based on potential toxicity:
      • CMAR nanoparticles: Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Asthma genic, Reproductive toxin nanoparticles

    Nanomaterial Classification - Number of Dimensions

    • Not a classification based on the number of dimensions:
      • Macroporous Materials
      • Nanomaterials are classified by their dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D), but not by their porosity.

    Examples of Natural Nanomaterials

    • Example:
      • Viruses

    3D Nanomaterials

    • Defining Characteristic:
      • They have all three dimensions in the nanometer range.
      • Examples include nanofoams, aerogels, and nanowires.

    Nanomaterial Classification - Pore Dimensions

    • Classification based on pore dimensions:
      • Microporous: < 2 nm pores
      • Mesoporous: 2 - 50 nm pores
      • Macroporous: > 50 nm pores

    Examples of Macroporous Materials

    • Examples:
      • Activated carbon

    Examples of Organic Nanomaterials

    • Not an organic nanomaterial:
      • Fullerene
      • Organic nanomaterials are typically based on carbon, such as fullerenes and nanotubes.

    Nanomaterial Classification - Number of Dimensions

    • Not a classification based on the number of dimensions:
      • Pore Dimension
      • Nanomaterials are classified by their dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D), but not by their pore size.

    Mesoporous Materials

    • Upper limit for diameter:
      • 50 nm

    Examples of 0D Nanomaterials

    • Examples:
      • Quantum dots

    Nanomaterial Classification - Structural Configuration

    • Correct classifications based on structural configuration:
      • 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials.

    1D Nanomaterials

    • Defining Characteristic:
      • They have one significant dimension in the nanometer range.
      • Examples include nanowires, nanotubes, and nanorods.

    2D Nanomaterials

    • Key Distinguishing Feature:
      • They have two dimensions in the nanometer range.
      • Examples include graphene and nanosheets.

    Examples of 1D Nanomaterials

    • Not a 1D nanomaterial:
      • Fullerenes
      • 1D nanomaterials include structures like nanowires, nanotubes, and nanorods, but not fullerenes which are 0D.

    Nanomaterial Classification - Structural Makeup

    • Not classified based on structural makeup:
      • Toxicity
      • Structural makeup refers to aspects like the materials used and shape.

    Nanocapsule Micelles and Liposomes

    • Sensitivity:
      • pH, ionic strength, and temperature changes

    Inorganic Nanoparticles

    • Distinguishing characteristic:
      • Absence of carbon
      • They are made of materials other than carbon, like metals, metal oxides, or semiconductors.

    Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

    • Not a metal oxide nanoparticle:
      • Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)
      • Examples of metal oxide nanoparticles include titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe3O4).

    Metal-Based Nanoparticles

    • Synthesis methods:
      • Chemical reduction, sol-gel, and sputtering

    Magnetic Nanomaterials

    • Magnetic order:
      • Spontaneous magnetic order
      • They possess their own magnetic properties, like ferromagnetism or superparamagnetism.

    Non-Magnetic Semiconductor Nanomaterials

    • Use:
      • Optical devices
      • They are used in applications that leverage their unique optical properties.

    Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Black Particles

    • Diameter range:
      • 10-100 nm for Carbon Nanofibers; < 100 nm for Carbon black particles

    Composites Nanomaterials

    • Formation::
      • Combining different materials with unique properties

    CMAR Nanoparticles

    • CMAR Nanomaterials:
      • Nanoparticles classified based on their potential toxicity
      • CMAR stands for Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Asthma genic, and Reproductive toxin.

    Workplace Exposure Limits

    • Exposure Limits
      • Bio persistent granular nanoparticles: 1x10^6 particles/m^3
      • Rigid nanomaterials: 1x10^6 particles/m^3

    Nanoparticles with Exposure Limits

    • Nanoparticles with proposed exposure limits of 2×10^7 particles/m3:
      • Metal oxide nanoparticles
      • This highlights a concern about the potential health risks of metal oxide nanoparticles.

    CMAR Nanoparticles

    • Examples:
      • Carbon nanotubes, asbestos fibers, some metal oxide nanoparticles.
      • Exposure to these nanoparticles can potentially lead to cancer, mutations, asthma, and reproductive problems.

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    Learn about the definition of nanomaterials and their unique properties. Explore the five categories of nanomaterials based on their place of origin and number...

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