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Questions and Answers
Which of the following characteristics would you expect for a solid with the formula P₄?
Which of the following characteristics would you expect for a solid with the formula P₄?
Given an unknown substance with a melting point of 962 °C, insoluble in water, and conducts electricity as a solid, which of the following could be its identity? Check all that apply.
Given an unknown substance with a melting point of 962 °C, insoluble in water, and conducts electricity as a solid, which of the following could be its identity? Check all that apply.
Given an unknown substance with a melting point of 872 °C, soluble in water, and does not conduct heat as a solid, which of the following could be its identity? Check all that apply.
Given an unknown substance with a melting point of 872 °C, soluble in water, and does not conduct heat as a solid, which of the following could be its identity? Check all that apply.
Why do molecular solids differ greatly in their hardness and melting points?
Why do molecular solids differ greatly in their hardness and melting points?
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What kinds of attractive forces may exist between particles in molecular crystals?
What kinds of attractive forces may exist between particles in molecular crystals?
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What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles in covalent-network crystals?
What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles in covalent-network crystals?
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What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles in ionic crystals?
What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles in ionic crystals?
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What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles in metallic crystals?
What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles in metallic crystals?
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Indicate the type of crystal for CaCO₃.
Indicate the type of crystal for CaCO₃.
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Indicate the type of crystal for Pt.
Indicate the type of crystal for Pt.
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Indicate the type of crystal for ZrO₂ (melting point, 2677°C).
Indicate the type of crystal for ZrO₂ (melting point, 2677°C).
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Indicate the type of crystal for Table sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).
Indicate the type of crystal for Table sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).
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Indicate the type of solid for benzoic acid, C₆H₅COOH.
Indicate the type of solid for benzoic acid, C₆H₅COOH.
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Indicate the type of solid for I₂.
Indicate the type of solid for I₂.
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Which type of solid might a white substance be if it sublimes at 3000°C, is a nonconductor of electricity, and is insoluble in water?
Which type of solid might a white substance be if it sublimes at 3000°C, is a nonconductor of electricity, and is insoluble in water?
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Which type of solid might a substance be if it melts with some decomposition at 730 °C, is a nonconductor of electricity, but dissolves in water to form a conducting solution?
Which type of solid might a substance be if it melts with some decomposition at 730 °C, is a nonconductor of electricity, but dissolves in water to form a conducting solution?
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Is Si a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid?
Is Si a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid?
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Is SiO₂ most likely a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid?
Is SiO₂ most likely a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid?
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Study Notes
Classification of Types of Solids
- P₄ is characterized by poor thermal conductivity and low melting point but not by high electrical conductivity or hardness.
- A substance with a melting point of 962 °C, insoluble in water, that conducts electricity as a solid and is hard could possibly be silver (Ag).
- A substance with a melting point of 872 °C, soluble in water, that does not conduct heat as a solid and is hard may be zinc fluoride (ZnF₂).
- Hardness and melting point differences between types of solids are attributed to molecular interactions; molecular solids have weak intermolecular forces.
Types of Attractive Forces
- Molecular crystals can exhibit:
- London dispersion forces
- Hydrogen bonding
- Dipole-dipole forces
- Covalent-network crystals are held together by covalent chemical bonds.
- Ionic crystals feature electrostatic or coulombic forces between particles.
- Metallic crystals have metallic bonds that hold their particles together.
Types of Crystals
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is identified as an ionic crystal.
- Platinum (Pt) is classified as a metallic crystal.
- Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), with a melting point of 2677 °C, is an ionic crystal.
- Table sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) is categorized as a molecular crystal.
- Benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) is also classified as a molecular solid.
- Iodine (I₂) is recognized as a molecular crystal.
Special Cases
- A white substance that sublimes at 3000 °C, is a nonconductor of electricity, and is insoluble in water is likely a covalent-network solid.
- A white substance that melts with some decomposition at 730 °C, nonconductive in solid form but forms a conducting solution in water, suggests it is an ionic solid.
- Silicon (Si) is classified as a covalent-network solid.
- Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) is another example of a covalent-network solid, known for its hardness and insolubility in water.
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Description
Explore the various classifications of solids, including their properties and types of attractive forces that hold them together. This quiz covers characteristics of molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent-network crystals. Test your understanding of how these different solids behave under various conditions.
