Classification of Tissues Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Define tissue.

A group of cells with a similar function and origin.

What is the epithelium?

It lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface.

What is the major function of muscle tissue?

To contract.

What does nervous tissue do?

Transmits electrochemical impulses. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main roles of connective tissue?

Anchors, packages, and supports body organs. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the general characteristics of epithelial tissue.

Avascular, innervated, polarity, high cellularity, high regeneration, basement membrane. Signup and view all the answers

On what bases are epithelial tissues classified?

Shape and number of cell layers. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major functions of epithelium in the body?

Absorption, secretion, and protection. Signup and view all the answers

How is the function of epithelium reflected in its arrangement?

Simple epithelium is used in absorption/secretion, while stratified epithelium is used in protection. Signup and view all the answers

Where is ciliated epithelium found?

In the trachea and fallopian tubes. Signup and view all the answers

What role does ciliated epithelium play?

Involved in moving a substance across the apical surface. Signup and view all the answers

How does transitional epithelium differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia?

Its cells change shape to allow stretching. Signup and view all the answers

How does transitional epithelium reflect its function in the body?

The urinary bladder stretches until it is full. Signup and view all the answers

How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?

Exocrine secretes substances into ducts; endocrine secretes hormones into blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is non-keratinized squamous epithelium?

It is the lining of the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A type of epithelial tissue with a single layer of height cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is simple squamous epithelium?

A single layer of flattened cells found in alveolar sacs. Signup and view all the answers

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A type of epithelial tissue found in the tubules of the kidney. Signup and view all the answers

What is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

It forms the epidermis of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is transitional epithelium?

Lining of the bladder with peculiar cells that can slide over each other. Signup and view all the answers

What are the general characteristics of connective tissues?

Mesenchyme origin, large extracellular matrix, few cells, vascularity varies. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Tissue

A tissue is a group of cells that share a similar function and origin.

Types of Tissues

Epithelium

Lines body cavities and covers external surfaces.
Functions include absorption, secretion, and protection.
Capable of synthesizing hormones.

Muscle

Responsible for pumping blood, expelling urine, and facilitating movement (e.g., swinging a bat).
Major function is contraction.

Nervous Tissue

Transmits electrochemical impulses.
Plays a critical role in regulating and controlling body functions.
Forms nerves and brain tissue.

Connective Tissue

Anchors, packages, and supports body organs.
The most durable tissue type in the body.
Features a large, abundant nonliving extracellular matrix.
The most widespread tissue type throughout the body.

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Avascular (lacks blood vessels) and innervated (contains nerves).
Exhibits polarity (distinct top and bottom surfaces).
High cellularity with densely packed cells.
Capable of rapid regeneration.
Supported by a basement membrane.
Lines and covers structures within the body.

Classification of Epithelial Tissues

Classified based on cell shape and number of cell layers:
- Shape: squamous, cuboidal, columnar.
- Number of layers: simple (one layer) or stratified (two or more layers).

Major Functions of Epithelium

Absorption: e.g., simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine.
Secretion: performed by glandular epithelium.
Protection: stratified squamous epithelium in the skin guards against injury.

Relationship Between Epithelium Structure and Function

Simple epithelium accommodates absorption and secretion.
Stratified epithelium provides protection.

Ciliated Epithelium Locations

Found in the trachea as pseudostratified ciliated columnar.
Present in the fallopian tubes as ciliated simple columnar.

Role of Ciliated Epithelium

Moves substances across the apical surface.

Transitional Epithelium Characteristics

Altered form of stratified squamous epithelium that changes shape to allow stretching.
Found exclusively in the bladder.

Functionality of Transitional Epithelium

Facilitates stretching of the urinary bladder as it fills.

Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands

Exocrine glands: Secrete substances into ducts leading outside the body (e.g., salivary, mammary, sweat glands).
Endocrine glands: Release hormones directly into blood capillaries.

Epithelial Types

Non-keratinized squamous: Lining of the esophagus.
Simple columnar: Specialized for absorption.
Simple squamous: Forms alveolar sacs in lungs; consists of a single layer of flattened cells.
Simple cuboidal: Found in kidney tubules.
Keratinized stratified squamous: Epidermis of the skin; provides protection.
Transitional epithelium: Found in bladder, allows flexibility.

General Characteristics of Connective Tissues

Originates from mesenchyme tissue.
Contains a large extracellular matrix.
Exhibits relatively few cells and low cellularity.
Vascularity varies across different connective tissues.
May have multiple cell types within a single tissue.
Contains fibers dispersed in the matrix.

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Description

Explore the essential concepts of tissue classification with these flashcards. Each card provides a definition of fundamental tissue types, including epithelium and muscle. Perfect for rapid review and memorization.