Classification of Law

Classification of Law

By Source

• Natural Law: Derived from universal moral principles, based on human reason and natural rights
• Positive Law: Created by human beings, through legislation, customs, or court decisions
• Customary Law: Based on long-standing customs and practices of a particular community
• Case Law: Developed through judicial decisions and precedents

By Jurisdiction

• Municipal Law: Applies to a specific country or nation
• International Law: Regulates relationships between nations and international organizations
• Private International Law: Deals with conflicts between different national laws in private matters (e.g., contracts, family law)

By Subject Matter

• Public Law: Concerns the relationship between the state and its citizens (e.g., constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law)
• Private Law: Regulates relationships between individuals or private entities (e.g., contract law, tort law, property law)

By Remedies

• Criminal Law: Focuses on punishment and deterrence, with penalties such as fines or imprisonment
• Civil Law: Aims to provide remedies and compensation, often through monetary damages or injunctions

By Application

• Substantive Law: Defines rights and obligations, and sets out the rules of behavior
• Procedural Law: Regulates the process of litigation, including court procedures and rules of evidence

Classification of Law

By Source

• Natural Law is derived from universal moral principles and is based on human reason and natural rights.
• Positive Law is created by human beings through legislation, customs, or court decisions.
• Customary Law is based on long-standing customs and practices of a particular community.
• Case Law is developed through judicial decisions and precedents.

By Jurisdiction

• Municipal Law applies to a specific country or nation.
• International Law regulates relationships between nations and international organizations.
• Private International Law deals with conflicts between different national laws in private matters, such as contracts, family law, and property law.

By Subject Matter

• Public Law concerns the relationship between the state and its citizens, including constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law.
• Private Law regulates relationships between individuals or private entities, including contract law, tort law, and property law.

By Remedies

• Criminal Law focuses on punishment and deterrence, with penalties such as fines or imprisonment.
• Civil Law aims to provide remedies and compensation, often through monetary damages or injunctions.

By Application

• Substantive Law defines rights and obligations, and sets out the rules of behavior.
• Procedural Law regulates the process of litigation, including court procedures and rules of evidence.