Questions and Answers
What determines the movement of joints?
Which of the following is a type of structural classification of joints?
What characterizes fibrous joints?
There is no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen fibers.
Describe cartilaginous joints.
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What are synovial joints?
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What is the functional classification of joints based on?
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Synarthrosis refers to a freely movable joint.
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What is a gomphosis?
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How many principle interosseous membrane joints are there?
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What is synovial fluid?
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Match the following joint types with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Movement of Joints
- Determined by the shape of articulating bones, flexibility of ligaments, and tension in associated muscles/tendons.
Structural Classification of Joints
- Based on the presence of synovial cavity and type of connective tissue binding bones.
Fibrous Joints
- No synovial cavity; bones are connected by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen fibers.
Cartilaginous Joints
- No joint cavity; bones held together by a bridge of cartilage.
Synovial Joints
- Feature a synovial cavity and are united by an articular capsule made of dense irregular connective tissue and often accessory ligaments.
Functional Classification of Joints
- Primarily concerns the degree of movement permitted.
Synarthrosis
- Immovable joints; plural is synarthroses.
Amphiarthrosis
- Slightly movable joints; plural is amphiarthroses.
Diarthrosis
- Freely movable joints; plural is diarthroses with types: gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket.
Suture
- A fibrous joint with dense connective tissue, primarily uniting skull bones; classified as synarthrosis in adults.
Syndesmosis
- Fibrous joint with a greater distance between articulating surfaces than in a suture, allowing slight movement (amphiarthrosis).
Gomphosis
- Joint where a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket (e.g., teeth roots); classified as synarthrosis.
Interosseous Membrane
- Dense connective tissue sheet binding neighboring long bones, allowing slight movement (amphiarthrosis).
Principle Interosseous Membrane Joints
- Found between the radius and ulna, and between the tibia and fibula.
Synchondrosis
- Cartilaginous joint with hyaline cartilage, functionally a synarthrosis that converts to bone post-growth.
Symphysis
- Cartilaginous joint with hyaline cartilage ends joined by a fibrocartilage disc, classified as amphiarthrosis.
Synovial Joint Cavity
- Space filled with synovial fluid, enabling free movement and functionally classified as diarthroses.
Articular Cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage covering bones in synovial joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock.
Articular (Joint) Capsule
- Sleevelike structure surrounding a synovial joint, enclosing the synovial cavity and uniting articulating bones.
Components of Articular Capsule
- Comprised of an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane.
Outer Fibrous Membrane
- Made of dense irregular connective tissue, attaches to the periosteum of articulating bones.
Ligaments
- Comprised of fibers arranged in parallel bundles, providing stability by resisting strains.
Inner Synovial Membrane
- Consists of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers.
Articular Fat Pads
- Adipose tissue accumulations within the synovial membrane at various synovial joints.
Double-Jointed
- Refers to greater flexibility in articular capsules and ligaments, not extra joints; results in less stability.
Synovial Fluid
- Viscous fluid that lubricates joints, reduces friction, and supplies nutrients to cartilage.
Viscosity of Synovial Fluid
- Fluid is gel-like when immovable and becomes less viscous with increased joint movement.
Accessory Ligaments
- Present in most synovial joints, augmenting stability alongside the fibrous capsule.
Articular Discs or Menisci
- Fibrocartilage pads found between bones in specific synovial joints for cushioning and support.
Bursae
- Synovial fluid sacs located at friction points around joints; resemble joint capsules but are not strictly part of the joint structure.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification of joints with these informative flashcards. Learn about the factors that determine joint movement and structural classifications based on various criteria. Ideal for anatomy students or those preparing for exams.
