Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Symphysis is a type of fibrous joint.
False
Sutures can also be referred to as synostosis joints.
True
Gomphoses joints are found between two bones joined by an interosseous membrane.
False
Synovial joints allow minimal to no motion.
Signup and view all the answers
Hinge joints are classified as uniaxial joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Condyloid joints are considered triaxial joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Ball and socket joints are classified as triplanar joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Plane joints allow bones to glide on one another or rotate only in one plane.
Signup and view all the answers
Trochoginglymus joints are combined biaxial joints seen in the elbow and knee.
Signup and view all the answers
Type II fibers are thicker and stiffer compared to type I fibers.
Signup and view all the answers
Elastin fibers create a netlike interweaving of large fibrils.
Signup and view all the answers
Tissues with a high proportion of elastin do not return to their original shape after being deformed.
Signup and view all the answers
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attract water due to their positive charge.
Signup and view all the answers
Water does not play a role in providing a fluid medium for diffusion of nutrients within the tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
Cells responsible for maintenance and repair in periarticular connective tissues confer significant mechanical properties on the tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
Ground substance is a water-saturated matrix or gel where collagen and elastin fibers are embedded.
Signup and view all the answers
Hyaline cartilage consists primarily of type I fibers.
Signup and view all the answers
The role of cells in periarticular connective tissues is to synthesize the specialized ground substance and fibrous proteins unique to the tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
Viscoelastic materials exhibit time-dependent properties.
Signup and view all the answers
If a material is exposed to high-stress levels for a long period of time, it experiences rapid deformation.
Signup and view all the answers
Temperature changes do not affect the rate of creep in materials.
Signup and view all the answers
To produce creep in connective tissue, one should use a large load over a short period of time.
Signup and view all the answers
Viscoelastic materials respond the same way to different rates of loading.
Signup and view all the answers
When loaded rapidly, viscoelastic materials exhibit less resistance to deformation.
Signup and view all the answers
The rate and duration of an applied force do not affect the deformation of viscoelastic materials.
Signup and view all the answers
Healthy tissues are always able to resist changes in their shape.
Signup and view all the answers
Forces that move and stabilize the body have no potential to deform or injure it.
Signup and view all the answers
In a saddle joint, each member presents paired convex and concave surfaces oriented at ~45° to each other.
Signup and view all the answers
The synovial fluid within diarthrodial joints increases friction.
Signup and view all the answers
Articular cartilage in synovial joints covers the bony surfaces to reduce wear and friction.
Signup and view all the answers
The articular capsule encloses the synovial membrane in diarthrodial joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Ligaments are sometimes associated with synovial joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Blood vessels are found within the articular cartilage of synovial joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Intraarticular discs or menisci help with force dispersion in synovial joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Synovial plicae decrease the synovial surface area in joints.
Signup and view all the answers
Joint play refers to the amount of possible movement within a joint before the bones meet resistance.
Signup and view all the answers
Stress in a tissue that has experienced plastic deformation is recoverable in its entirety when the deforming force is removed.
Signup and view all the answers
Most healthy tendons fail at about 15-20% beyond their prestretched length.
Signup and view all the answers
The anterior cruciate ligament is typically strained about 5-6% during common activities.
Signup and view all the answers
Stiffness of a material is defined as the ratio of strain to stress within an elastic material.
Signup and view all the answers
Ultimate stress is the strain at the point of failure of a material.
Signup and view all the answers
Plasticity in a tissue occurs in Zone D of the stress-strain curve.
Signup and view all the answers
The overstrained tissue experiences microscopic failure in the elastic zone.
Signup and view all the answers
Elastic deformation energy in a tissue is recoverable in its entirety when the deforming force is removed.
Signup and view all the answers
Ultimate strain is the elongation at the point of failure of a material.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Classification of Joints
- Fibrous joints: held together by collagen, examples include syndesmosis, sutures, and gomphoses
- Cartilaginous joints: held together by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage, examples include symphysis and synchondrosis
- Diarthroses: synovial joints, allow for moderate to extensive motion
Synovial Joints
- Uniaxial joints: allow movement in one plane, examples include hinge and pivot joints
- Biaxial joints: allow movement in two planes, examples include condyloid and ellipsoid joints
- Triaxial joints: allow movement in three planes, examples include plane and ball and socket joints
- Combined biaxial joints: allow movement in two planes, examples include trochoginglymus joints
Biologic Materials
- Fibers: provide a flexible framework for maintaining shape and consistency, examples include type II fibers and elastin fibers
- Ground substance: a water-saturated matrix or gel, composed of glycosaminoglycans and water, which provides a fluid medium for diffusion of nutrients and assists mechanical properties
- Cells: responsible for synthesizing specialized ground substance and fibrous proteins, and maintenance and repair of tissue
Properties of Connective Tissue
- Viscoelasticity: exhibits time- and rate-dependent properties, sensitive to duration and rate of force application
- Time-dependent properties: creep, deformation that occurs when a material is exposed to high-stress levels for a long period
- Rate-dependent properties: responds differently to different rates of loading, exhibits greater resistance to deformation with rapid loading
Forces on Musculoskeletal Tissues
- Forces that move and stabilize the body can also deform and injure the body
- Healthy tissues resist changes in shape, weakened tissues may not be able to resist forces
Elements of Diarthrodial Joints
- Always associated with joints: synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves
- Sometimes associated with joints: intraarticular discs or menisci, peripheral labrum, fat pads, bursa, and synovial plicae
Joint Kinematics and Kinetics
- Osteokinematics: describes motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body
- Arthrokinematics: describes motion between articular surfaces of joints
- Kinetics: describes axial translatory forces, including compression and tension
Mechanical Behavior
- Stress-strain curve: zones A-E, with zone C being the plastic zone, where tissue experiences permanent deformation
- Stiffness: ratio of stress to strain within an elastic material, defined by Young's modulus
- Failure: occurs when a structure can no longer support a load, including ultimate stress and ultimate strain
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the classification of joints based on the type of periarticular reinforcing connective tissue and movement potential. Learn about fibrous joints like syndesmosis and sutures, as well as cartilaginous joints like symphysis. Test your knowledge on joint classifications!
