Classification of Joints and Periarticular Reinforcing Connective Tissue
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Questions and Answers

Symphysis is a type of fibrous joint.

False

Sutures can also be referred to as synostosis joints.

True

Gomphoses joints are found between two bones joined by an interosseous membrane.

False

Synovial joints allow minimal to no motion.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hinge joints are classified as uniaxial joints.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Condyloid joints are considered triaxial joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ball and socket joints are classified as triplanar joints.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plane joints allow bones to glide on one another or rotate only in one plane.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trochoginglymus joints are combined biaxial joints seen in the elbow and knee.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type II fibers are thicker and stiffer compared to type I fibers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elastin fibers create a netlike interweaving of large fibrils.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tissues with a high proportion of elastin do not return to their original shape after being deformed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attract water due to their positive charge.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water does not play a role in providing a fluid medium for diffusion of nutrients within the tissue.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells responsible for maintenance and repair in periarticular connective tissues confer significant mechanical properties on the tissue.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ground substance is a water-saturated matrix or gel where collagen and elastin fibers are embedded.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyaline cartilage consists primarily of type I fibers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The role of cells in periarticular connective tissues is to synthesize the specialized ground substance and fibrous proteins unique to the tissue.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viscoelastic materials exhibit time-dependent properties.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a material is exposed to high-stress levels for a long period of time, it experiences rapid deformation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Temperature changes do not affect the rate of creep in materials.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

To produce creep in connective tissue, one should use a large load over a short period of time.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viscoelastic materials respond the same way to different rates of loading.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When loaded rapidly, viscoelastic materials exhibit less resistance to deformation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rate and duration of an applied force do not affect the deformation of viscoelastic materials.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Healthy tissues are always able to resist changes in their shape.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forces that move and stabilize the body have no potential to deform or injure it.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a saddle joint, each member presents paired convex and concave surfaces oriented at ~45° to each other.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The synovial fluid within diarthrodial joints increases friction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Articular cartilage in synovial joints covers the bony surfaces to reduce wear and friction.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The articular capsule encloses the synovial membrane in diarthrodial joints.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ligaments are sometimes associated with synovial joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood vessels are found within the articular cartilage of synovial joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intraarticular discs or menisci help with force dispersion in synovial joints.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Synovial plicae decrease the synovial surface area in joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joint play refers to the amount of possible movement within a joint before the bones meet resistance.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress in a tissue that has experienced plastic deformation is recoverable in its entirety when the deforming force is removed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most healthy tendons fail at about 15-20% beyond their prestretched length.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior cruciate ligament is typically strained about 5-6% during common activities.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stiffness of a material is defined as the ratio of strain to stress within an elastic material.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ultimate stress is the strain at the point of failure of a material.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasticity in a tissue occurs in Zone D of the stress-strain curve.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overstrained tissue experiences microscopic failure in the elastic zone.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elastic deformation energy in a tissue is recoverable in its entirety when the deforming force is removed.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ultimate strain is the elongation at the point of failure of a material.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Joints

  • Fibrous joints: held together by collagen, examples include syndesmosis, sutures, and gomphoses
  • Cartilaginous joints: held together by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage, examples include symphysis and synchondrosis
  • Diarthroses: synovial joints, allow for moderate to extensive motion

Synovial Joints

  • Uniaxial joints: allow movement in one plane, examples include hinge and pivot joints
  • Biaxial joints: allow movement in two planes, examples include condyloid and ellipsoid joints
  • Triaxial joints: allow movement in three planes, examples include plane and ball and socket joints
  • Combined biaxial joints: allow movement in two planes, examples include trochoginglymus joints

Biologic Materials

  • Fibers: provide a flexible framework for maintaining shape and consistency, examples include type II fibers and elastin fibers
  • Ground substance: a water-saturated matrix or gel, composed of glycosaminoglycans and water, which provides a fluid medium for diffusion of nutrients and assists mechanical properties
  • Cells: responsible for synthesizing specialized ground substance and fibrous proteins, and maintenance and repair of tissue

Properties of Connective Tissue

  • Viscoelasticity: exhibits time- and rate-dependent properties, sensitive to duration and rate of force application
  • Time-dependent properties: creep, deformation that occurs when a material is exposed to high-stress levels for a long period
  • Rate-dependent properties: responds differently to different rates of loading, exhibits greater resistance to deformation with rapid loading

Forces on Musculoskeletal Tissues

  • Forces that move and stabilize the body can also deform and injure the body
  • Healthy tissues resist changes in shape, weakened tissues may not be able to resist forces

Elements of Diarthrodial Joints

  • Always associated with joints: synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves
  • Sometimes associated with joints: intraarticular discs or menisci, peripheral labrum, fat pads, bursa, and synovial plicae

Joint Kinematics and Kinetics

  • Osteokinematics: describes motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body
  • Arthrokinematics: describes motion between articular surfaces of joints
  • Kinetics: describes axial translatory forces, including compression and tension

Mechanical Behavior

  • Stress-strain curve: zones A-E, with zone C being the plastic zone, where tissue experiences permanent deformation
  • Stiffness: ratio of stress to strain within an elastic material, defined by Young's modulus
  • Failure: occurs when a structure can no longer support a load, including ultimate stress and ultimate strain

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Description

Explore the classification of joints based on the type of periarticular reinforcing connective tissue and movement potential. Learn about fibrous joints like syndesmosis and sutures, as well as cartilaginous joints like symphysis. Test your knowledge on joint classifications!

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