281 Questions
What are the three major types of fuels used in internal combustion engines?
Gasoline, natural gas, fuel oils
Why are natural gas engines commonly used in locations where the gas is plentiful?
Due to the lower cost of natural gas
What is responsible for igniting the compressed gas in internal combustion engines with spark ignition?
A high voltage current across a spark plug
Which type of fuel oils are commonly used in internal combustion engines?
Heavy oils like diesel fuel
What is the main difference between two-cycle and four-cycle internal combustion engines?
Number of strokes for a complete cycle
Why are spark ignition engines common in gasoline and gaseous fuel engines?
Due to their simplicity of design
What is the main mode of ignition in diesel engines?
Compression ignition
During which stroke does fuel injection begin in a four-stroke compression ignition engine?
Compression stroke
In a two-stroke compression ignition engine with a valveless cylinder design, how is the power stroke initiated?
Fuel injection at the beginning of the stroke
What does the process of 'scavenging' refer to in the context of engine operation?
Clearing exhaust gases from the cylinder
At what temperature range does the compression of air in the cylinder raise its temperature in a diesel engine?
540°C - 650°C
In the two-stroke engine with a valveless cylinder design, when does fuel injection occur in the cycle?
At the top of the stroke, prior to the power stroke
What is the key feature of the 'Uniflow' scavenging design in engines?
Air flow in one direction only
During which stroke are the exhaust gases forced out of the cylinder in a four-stroke compression ignition engine?
Power stroke
What is the purpose of injecting fuel shortly before top dead-center in a compression ignition engine?
To ensure immediate ignition on compression
In a two-stroke compression ignition engine, what role does the compression stroke play?
Increasing the temperature for ignition
What is the primary function of the intake valve in a four-stroke spark ignition engine?
To draw a mixture of gasoline and air into the cylinder
During which stroke does the spark plug ignite the mixture in a four-stroke spark ignition engine?
Compression stroke
What is the primary advantage of a two-stroke engine over a four-stroke engine?
More power strokes per crankshaft revolution
How is the two-stroke engine typically lubricated?
By thoroughly mixing a measured quantity of special lubricating oil with the gasoline
What is the purpose of the piston rings in a four-stroke engine?
To limit the amount of oil entering the combustion chamber and keep carbon deposits to a minimum
In a two-stroke engine, what happens during the upward stroke of the piston?
The mixture is compressed in the combustion chamber and the crankcase is evacuated
What is the primary difference between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine?
The charge drawn into the cylinder is air only
During which stroke does the piston move upward and pushes out most of the remaining burned gases in a four-stroke engine?
Exhaust stroke
What is the purpose of the crankcase in a two-stroke engine?
To store the new mixture charge before it enters the cylinder
What is the primary difference between gasoline and gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines?
State of matter
What is the key distinction between natural gas engines and other engines for internal combustion machinery?
Fuel availability
What distinguishes light fuel oils from heavier fuel oils in internal combustion engines?
Density
What primarily determines if an internal combustion engine has spark ignition?
Mode of ignition
Why are natural gas engines particularly prevalent in locations with abundant gas reserves?
Fuel availability
What primarily distinguishes two-cycle internal combustion engines from four-cycle engines?
Number of strokes in a working cycle
In a four-stroke spark ignition engine, what initiates the compression stroke?
Closing of the inlet valve
What is the purpose of the intake stroke in a four-stroke spark ignition engine?
Mixture drawing into the cylinder
What distinguishes a two-stroke engine from a four-stroke engine in terms of power strokes per crankshaft revolution?
Two-stroke engine has more power strokes per revolution
What type of lubrication system is commonly found in a two-stroke engine?
Oil Mist Lubrication
Which component in a two-stroke engine assists in pushing the exhaust gases through the exhaust port?
Transfer Port
What is the main distinguishing feature between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine?
Type of fuel used
What occurs near the upper end of the compression stroke in a two-stroke spark ignition engine?
Ignition of the compressed mixture
What is the function of the intake port in a two-stroke spark ignition engine?
Intake of fuel-air mixture
How is the lubrication of a four-stroke spark ignition engine different from a two-stroke spark ignition engine?
Pressure lubrication in both engines
Why is the compression ignition system used in diesel engines?
To ignite the fuel-air mixture
What initiates the ignition in a four-stroke diesel engine?
The high temperature created by the compression of the air
What is the purpose of the scavenging process in a two-stroke engine?
To remove exhaust gases from the cylinders
What is the peak temperature range of the hot air in the cylinders of a diesel engine during the compression stage?
From 540-650°C
What is the main concept behind the Uniflow scavenging approach in engines?
Flowing in a single direction which is opposite to the downward flow of exhaust gas
What is an essential feature of the working principle of a diesel engine?
Fuel is injected at the end of compression stroke
What is the underlying principle behind the power creation in a diesel engine?
Expanding hot gas of combustion expanding and forcing the piston downwards
What component is responsible for allowing heat to escape from the burning gases in a valveless two-stroke engine?
The exhaust port before it reaches bottom dead-center during the power stroke
What is the basis of ignition in smaller two-stroke engines design?
Relies predominantly on the heat resulting from the compression of gases for ignition
What is the compression pressure range in a standard diesel engine?
From 2750 kPa to 4100 kPa
What is the role of the scavenge pump in a two-stroke engine?
Provides air at a slighter increased pressure to eliminate exhaust gases
What is the primary role of the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine?
Transfer the power from the pistons to rotary motion
Why is the bedplate of the engine made of high-grade cast iron?
To provide a rigid foundation for the engine frame
What is the function of the deep-section bedplate on an internal combustion engine?
Form a wet sump for oil containment
Why are the main bearings of the engine steel-backed with white metal linings?
To reduce wear and ensure smooth operation
How does the crankshaft contribute to the overall functioning of an internal combustion engine?
Converts the linear movement of the pistons to rotary motion
What is the significance of the crankshaft being forged from steel?
It can withstand the high forces and temperatures in the engine
What is the purpose of the governor in a diesel engine?
To regulate the engine speed within operating limits
How are the fuel pumps actuated in a diesel engine?
Directly by the camshafts
What type of valve is used in the fuel injector of a diesel engine?
Needle valve
What is the purpose of the anti-dribble valve in the fuel pump?
To prevent fuel from dripping back into the pump
How are the fuel pumps adjusted to equalize the load over all cylinders?
Individually, to allow adjustment of each pump
What is the purpose of the filters in the fuel system of a diesel engine?
To filter out impurities in the fuel
What is the purpose of the cylinder liners in the engine?
To provide a machined surface for the pistons and piston rings
What type of lubrication system is used in the connecting rods?
Hollow bored lubrication
How does the oil control ring in the piston function?
It distributes oil in a uniform film over the cylinder wall
What is the function of the camshaft in the engine?
To operate the valve train
What is the purpose of the pushrods in the engine?
To move the intake and exhaust valves up and down
How are the cylinder banks cooled in the engine?
Through water cooling
What is the purpose of the gudgeon pin in the piston?
To connect the piston to the connecting rod
How many camshafts are used in the engine?
Two
What is the function of the crankcase in the engine?
To house the crankshaft
What is the primary purpose of the internal joint bolts and studs in the bedplate?
To secure a rigid union of frame and bedplate
What is the function of the white metal thrust faces on the last two flywheel end main bearings?
To facilitate the axial location of the crankshaft
What is the purpose of the passages in the crankshaft?
To provide oil feeds to the connecting rod bearings
What type of material is the bedplate typically made of?
High-grade cast iron
What is the purpose of the balance weights on the crankshaft?
To improve the engine's balance and smooth operation
What is the primary function of the crankshaft in the engine?
To convert linear motion to rotary motion
How does the individual fuel pump ensure equal distribution of the load?
By being mounted on the top face of the frame at each cylinder
What is the function of the governor in relation to the fuel pump?
To control the fuel pump rack rods through a short interconnecting linkage to each bank
What is the purpose of the two additional bolts that retain the flywheel on the crankshaft?
To retain the flywheel on the crankshaft when the driven machine is disconnected
How does the governor adjust the operation of the fuel pump?
Through hydraulic pilot valve and linkage
What type of motion does the fuel pump utilize to control the fuel delivered per stroke?
Rotational motion
What is the role of the anti-dribble, spring-loaded, non-return delivery valve in the fuel pump discharge?
To prevent fuel leakage in the delivery system
What type of material are the cylinder liners made of?
Cast iron
What is the primary function of the connecting rods?
To transmit the power of the piston to the crankshaft
What type of piston is used in engines running at approximately 750 r/min?
Cast iron piston
What is the function of the oil control ring in the piston?
To prevent oil from leaking past the piston into the combustion chamber
How are the push rods in the engine actuated?
By the camshaft through the rocker arm assembly
What is the purpose of the set of cam blocks in each cylinder?
To control the timing of the valves
What is the function of the deep-section bedplate in the engine?
To support the cylinder block and crankshaft
What is the primary advantage of using natural gas engines?
Reduced emissions
What type of valve is used in the intake stroke of a four-stroke spark ignition engine?
Intake valve
What is the primary difference between two-cycle and four-cycle internal combustion engines?
Number of power strokes per crankshaft revolution
What is the main function of the magneto ignition system?
To generate necessary current for the ignition spark
In the magneto ignition system, what happens when the points are closed?
Current flows in the primary winding
What is a key advantage of the magneto ignition system over the battery ignition system?
Lighter weight
When do high voltages get induced in the secondary winding of the coil in the magneto ignition system?
When the points open to break current flow
Why does the magneto ignition system produce a hotter spark at higher speeds?
Because the engine provides more power to the magneto
What is the primary source of power for the magneto ignition system?
Permanent magnets
What is the primary function of the carburetor in a carbureted gasoline engine?
To mix and atomize the air and fuel
What creates a vacuum in the carburetor, drawing fuel up from the reservoir?
The intake stroke
What maintains the fuel level in the reservoir?
The float-operated needle valve
What is the purpose of the venturi in the carburetor?
To create a vacuum
In a down draft, triple venturi carburetor, where is the gasoline pumped into?
A chamber, which is part of the carburetor
What controls the level in the chamber in a down draft, triple venturi carburetor?
The float-operated needle valve
How does the economizer needle affect the flow area of the main metering orifice?
It increases the flow area for higher engine loads
What fuel-air mixture is typically required for starting an engine under cold conditions?
An overly rich mixture
During which engine operation are fuel droplets utilized to achieve efficient combustion?
Fuel injection in combustion ignition engine
How does the accelerator pump help in sudden speed acceleration?
Its piston forces further fuel into the air track via the accelerating-jet
What mixture is used for idling and part-throttle operation in direct injectors?
Lean Mix with little fuel
What is the classification of fuel injection systems seen in modern engines?
Single point fuel injection; Multipoint fuel injection; Direct-fuel injection
Which part of the power-supply system components opens and closes induced by the camshaft?
Battery operated breaker Points
What is the usage of the condenser in the ignition?
To arrest primary current quickly
What is the central component in the igniting of fuel in a generator-based ignition assembly?
AC generator
Which type of fuel fuel injection system is most optimized for fuel efficiency/power output?
Direct multipoint fuel injections offer higher fuel efficiency
What is the main role of a carburetor in a gasoline engine?
Atomizing fuel and mixing it with air
In a carbureted gasoline engine, what creates a vacuum to draw fuel up from the reservoir?
Venturi
What is the function of the float-operated needle valve in a carburetor?
Regulating fuel level
How is the level of gasoline in the chamber controlled in a down draft, triple venturi carburetor?
By a float-actuated needle valve
What causes fuel to be drawn from the chamber to the main jet in a down draft, triple venturi carburetor?
Vacuum produced by airflow
Which component in the carburetor is responsible for keeping the fuel in an atomized form?
Main jet
What causes the piston of the accelerating pump to force extra fuel into the air stream through the accelerating jet?
Opening the throttle suddenly
Where is the idling jet located in the carburetor for an engine running at slow speed (idling)?
Just below the throttle valve
In which condition is a very rich fuel-air mixture required to start the engine?
Under cold conditions
What is the primary function of the choke valve in the carburetor?
To reduce the air intake
What distinguishes direct fuel injection systems from single-point and multi-point injection systems?
Fuel is sprayed directly into the combustion chamber
What role does the fuel injection nozzle play in achieving efficient combustion in spark ignition engines?
Produce fine fuel droplets
In a battery ignition system, what is the purpose of the condenser in the circuit?
To interrupt the primary current quickly
Where is the high voltage induced in the secondary winding of the coil in a battery-operated ignition system?
When the breaker points open
What provides the spark for igniting the fuel in a battery-operated ignition system?
Battery
What is the primary function of the resistor in a battery ignition system?
Obtain the correct primary current
How is the fuel injected into the cylinders in a common rail system?
By directly connecting the fuel line to the injector
What drives the injector plunger down in a common rail system to inject fuel into the cylinder?
The orifice in the drain manifold
In a high-pressure pump system, how does the distributor ensure proper injection into each cylinder?
By adjusting the fuel pressure
What happens to most of the fuel that flows through an injector in a common rail system?
It is forced into the cylinder
What initiates the fuel injection process in a common rail system?
The high-pressure pump
What is the primary difference between a diesel engine and a traditional engine regarding fuel-air mixture ignition?
Method of fuel injection
At what temperature and pressure is the air in the engine cylinders?
3100 kPa, 540°C
What is the type of fuel injection system where fuel is pumped directly into each cylinder?
Solid injection system
What controls the amount of fuel injected by each plunger in the individual pump system?
Control rod
What component supplies fuel to the high-pressure pumps in the individual pump system?
Low-pressure transfer pump
How many different designs are there in the solid injection method?
3
What is the primary driving force that moves the injector plunger down in a common rail system to inject fuel into the cylinder?
The camshaft
Which component in the common rail system ensures that fuel is only injected into the cylinder at the proper firing point?
The metering orifice
What happens to most of the fuel that returns from the injector in the common rail system?
It returns to the tank via the drain orifice and manifold
What is the role of the separate injector located at each engine cylinder in the common rail system?
To inject fuel at high pressure into the cylinder
How is the fuel pressure built up in the common rail system before it is injected into the cylinder?
By the high-pressure pump
What is the pressure range at which the air is compressed in a standard diesel engine?
3000-3500 kPa
What temperature does the compression of air in the cylinder raise its temperature to in a diesel engine?
540°C
What are the three different designs of the solid injection method used in diesel engines?
Individual pump system, Distributor system, and Common rail system
How does the distributor system ensure proper injection into each cylinder in a high-pressure pump system?
By regulating the fuel pressure and flow through a single high-pressure pump
What component is responsible for keeping the fuel in an atomized form in the carburetor?
Venturi
What component in the carburetor is responsible for initiating the ignition process in the four-stroke spark ignition engine?
Spark plug
What is one disadvantage of air-cooled engines compared to liquid-cooled engines?
Better control of engine temperature
In high compression diesel engines, approximately what percentage of heat needs to be removed by cooling?
65%
What is the purpose of the water jackets in the cylinder heads and cylinders of liquid-cooled engines?
Circulate cooling water
What is the function of the radiator cap in a liquid-cooled engine cooling system?
Maintain positive pressure
What role does the cooling fan play in a liquid-cooled engine?
Maintain optimal engine temperature
Why does a liquid-cooled engine system operate at a positive pressure?
To reduce the boiling point of coolant
What is the primary purpose of the thermostat valve in the cooling water system?
To maintain the engine water temperature
What is the function of the expansion tank in the cooling water system?
To allow the engine cooling water to expand and contract safely
How is the engine coolant temperature controlled in the closed system?
By regulating the flow of water from the cooling tower
What is a common problem with the telescopic pipes or swinging elbow pipes used for piston cooling?
They are weak points in the engine and susceptible to failure
What is the advantage of an electrically driven engine cooling water pump?
It can be kept running after the engine is shut down
How is the piston cooled in a crosshead engine?
Using oil from the lubricating system
What percentage of the heat generated by combustion is converted to mechanical work in high compression diesel engines?
30-35%
What is the primary purpose of the radiator in a liquid-cooled engine?
To cool the coolant before it is pumped back through the engine
At what pressure does the cooling system in a liquid-cooled engine operate?
Around 100 kPa
What is the function of the radiator cap in a liquid-cooled engine?
To maintain the pressure on the system and allow air in if a vacuum develops
What percentage of the heat generated by combustion is removed by cooling in high compression diesel engines?
65-70%
Where is the bulk of the heat generated by combustion removed from the engine?
Through the water jackets of the cylinders and cylinder heads
What is the primary purpose of the thermostat valve in the cooling water system?
To maintain a constant engine coolant temperature
What is the advantage of using an electrically driven engine cooling water pump?
It can be kept running after the engine is shut down
What is the purpose of the expansion tank in the cooling system?
To expand and contract safely as temperature changes
How is the piston cooled in a large diesel engine?
Using oil from the lubricating system
What is the purpose of the crosshead engine design?
To reduce piston cooling oil leakage
What is the purpose of regulating the flow of water from the cooling tower?
To control the engine coolant temperature
What is the primary function of the lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine?
To reduce friction and prevent wear of the bearing metal
What is the source of the oil in a typical lubrication system for a medium sized diesel engine?
The bedplate
What is the purpose of the oil filter in the lubrication system?
To clean the oil
What component is supplied with cooled oil specifically to carry heat away from the rotor?
The turbocharger
What is the purpose of the oil pump in the lubrication system?
To pump oil through the system
What is the purpose of circulating large quantities of oil through the bearings?
To cool the bearings
What is the primary advantage of using a system with two separately driven pumps in large engines?
To provide full oil pressure during starting and stopping
What type of lubrication is used for medium and large size diesels in the cylinder lubrication process?
Central lubricator lubrication
How does excess oil drain back to the inside of the piston in engines with splash lubrication?
Through holes just below the lower piston ring
What is the function of dual oil filter in the lubrication system of a six-cylinder diesel engine?
To provide a backup filter in case the primary filter fails
What is the role of the shell and tube oil cooler in the lubrication system of a six-cylinder diesel engine?
To cool the oil using cooling water
How does the lubricating oil designed for large engines with separate cylinder lubrication systems differ from the oil recommended for smaller engines with splash lubrication?
It is designed for very high temperatures and to withstand the products of combustion
What is the primary purpose of lubricating oil in a diesel engine?
To separate the shafts and bearings to prevent metal-to-metal contact and reduce friction
What is the purpose of the oil cooler in the lubrication system?
To cool the oil before it enters the engine
Which component receives cooled oil specifically to carry heat away from the rotor?
Turbocharger
What is the purpose of the lubricating oil manifold in the lubrication system?
To distribute oil to the engine's moving parts
What is the source of the oil in a typical lubrication system for a medium-sized diesel engine?
The bedplate
What is the purpose of the gear-type oil pump in the lubrication system?
To pump oil from the bedplate to the engine's moving parts
What is the primary advantage of having two separately driven oil pumps in large engines?
It ensures full oil pressure during starting and stopping
In the gear-type oil pump, what prevents the oil from returning to the inlet?
The meshing of the gear teeth
What is the primary purpose of the small plunger pumps with adjustable stroke in medium and large size diesel engines?
To supply lubrication to each cylinder at two, three, or four points
In engines with splash lubrication, what is responsible for allowing excess oil to drain back to the inside of the piston?
The lower piston ring
What is the primary advantage of having separate cylinder lubrication systems in large engines?
It enables the bearing and cylinder lubrication to be separately specified
In the lubrication system for a six-cylinder diesel engine, what is the function of the dual oil filter?
To prevent the entry of contaminants into the engine
What is the purpose of rotating the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine during the starting process?
To compress air-fuel mixture in the cylinders
How do very small engines typically start?
Manually with a crank
What is the function of an electric starter motor in starting an internal combustion engine?
To rotate the engine until ignition occurs
Why are large diesel engines commonly started using compressed air?
To drive the engine pistons
In what form is compressed air used to start some medium and large diesel engines?
Directed into the engine cylinders
What is the role of the storage battery in the starting process of an internal combustion engine with an electric starter motor?
To crank the engine until ignition
What is the primary difference between air starting and hydraulic starting systems in diesel engines?
Air starting systems use a separate air motor, while hydraulic starting systems use a hydraulic motor for rotation.
What role does the compressor play in the air starting system?
It charges the air receiver with air at a pressure between 2000 and 2500 kPa.
What is the main function of the accumulator in the hydraulic starting system?
It holds a quantity of oil under high pressure between 10,000 to 20,000 kPa.
What is the main disadvantage of using an air starting system in diesel engines?
Air starting systems are slow, leading to a slower establishment of the required ignition temperature.
What is the primary purpose of the hand pump in the hydraulic starting system?
It pumps oil into the hydraulic motor to create rotation.
What is the main difference in the mechanics of the air motor and hydraulic motor in starting systems?
The air motor uses compressed air to create rotation, while the hydraulic motor uses hydraulic fluid.
What is the primary purpose of rotating the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine?
To draw air or air-fuel mixture into the cylinders and compress it
What is the disadvantage of using a manual crank to start very small engines?
It is not safe for the operator
What happens when the engine reaches a certain speed in an electric starter system?
The starter motor is deactivated
What is the purpose of the drive pinion in an electric starter motor?
To connect the starter motor to the engine flywheel
What is the primary difference between air starting and electric starting systems?
The method of rotating the crankshaft
What is the purpose of compressed air in some diesel engines?
To rotate the crankshaft
What is the main disadvantage of using an air starting system in diesel engines compared to other starting systems?
It makes ignition difficult due to cooling the cylinders.
Which statement best describes the advantage of the air motor starting system over an electric starter?
It establishes the required ignition temperature more quickly due to faster rotation.
What is the primary purpose of the hydraulic starting system's hand pump in the context of a diesel engine?
To serve as a backup should the engine-driven hydraulic pump fail.
Which component is not explicitly mentioned in the air starting system for diesel engines?
A fuel injector.
What is the operating pressure range in kPa of the compressor in the air starting system?
2000 to 2500.
Which system or component is not mentioned in the comprehension as a method of facilitating engine start-up in diesel engines?
Battery ignition system.
What type of monitoring system consists of a field panel with analog gauges?
Analog gauge system
What are the main engine systems that need to be monitored?
Lubrication, cooling, and electrical systems
What is the purpose of the built-in switches in the gauges on the monitoring panel?
To trip the engine on specific conditions
Which system monitors and controls most engine functions?
Digital system
Which engine system has more than one pressure gauge for monitoring?
Lubrication system
Which panel is usually mounted close to the engine for operator control and monitoring?
Field panel with analog gauges
What controls the speed of a microprocessor-controlled engine?
Speed sensor pickups connected to the microprocessor
What mechanism is used to regulate the fuel entering the cylinder in a compression ignition engine?
Varying the amount of air entering on each intake stroke
What component is responsible for initiating a protective shutdown of a digital based engine system?
Microprocessor
What role do spring-loaded flyweights play in engine speed control?
They balance centrifugal force
What is the primary difference between engine governing in spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines?
Spark ignition engines vary the amount of air-fuel mixture, while compression ignition engines vary the amount of air
What happens to an engine when all speed sensor pickups fail?
The engine shuts down
What is the purpose of the linkage connecting the flyweights to the fuel injector or pump mechanism?
To vary the fuel flow
What happens to the quality of the air-fuel mixture during engine load changes in a spark ignition engine?
It remains practically the same
What component is responsible for controlling the fuel entering the engine cylinder in a microprocessor-controlled engine?
Microprocessor-controlled fuel injection system
What happens to the amount of mixture entering the engine cylinder on the intake stroke in a spark ignition engine?
It varies based on engine speed
What critical engine system is monitored for oil level, temperature, and pressure?
Lubrication system
Which system component incorporates a shutdown switch that activates if the temperature exceeds a certain limit?
Air intake temperature
What is a feature of the field panel with analog gauges used to monitor engine systems?
Contains a digital display for precise readings
Which system is responsible for monitoring voltage, amperage, and charging conditions?
Electrical system
What does the digital monitoring system utilize to control most engine functions?
Engine speed
Which system is responsible for monitoring the air filter differential pressure?
Fuel system
What type of speed sensor is used to regulate the fuel entering the engine cylinder in a microprocessor-controlled engine?
Magnetic speed sensor
What is the primary purpose of the microprocessor in a digital-based engine system?
To control most engine functions
In a compression ignition engine, what controls the speed of the engine, and which factor remains constant during each intake stroke?
The amount of fuel entering the engine and the engine speed
How does the governor system in a spark ignition engine regulate the speed of the engine?
By varying the air-fuel mixture entering the engine cylinder
What type of governor is used to regulate the speed of a spark ignition engine, such as a gasoline engine?
Mechanical governor
What is the primary function of the fly-ball governor in a simple governor system?
To regulate the fuel entering the engine cylinder
What is the role of the operator interface panel in a digital-based engine system?
To input control variables such as engine speed and load
What happens when the engine exceeds its limits or a microprocessor failure occurs in a digital-based engine system?
The engine shuts down, and an alarm is triggered
What is the purpose of the multiple sensors used in a microprocessor-controlled engine?
To ensure engine operation in case of sensor failure
What should be done to a diesel engine before applying a load?
Allow it to warm up to normal operating temperature
What is monitored during routine engine monitoring?
All the above and more
What is the purpose of setting alarms in remote engine monitoring?
To alert the operator of variables out of normal operating ranges
What is done to the bypass switch or button after oil pressure reaches the trip setting?
It is released or returned to the run position
Why is it important to monitor the engine physically and remotely?
To identify potential problems and take early action
What is the purpose of logging engine readings and notes?
To communicate with operators on other shifts and for follow-up action if maintenance is needed
What is a crucial step in preparing a diesel engine for start-up?
Priming the fuel-injection pump
Why should valve stems be cleaned with kerosene?
To free them from sticking
What should be checked in the main reservoir of a circulation system before starting the engine?
Oil level
What is the purpose of a bypass switch or bypass button during start-up?
To override trips during start-up
What should be checked in an air-cooled engine before start-up?
Radiator coolant level
What is the purpose of manually operated semi-rotary pumps in some engine designs?
To feed oil to the bearings before start-up
What special care should be taken before starting a diesel engine?
Priming the fuel-injection pump to ensure prompt delivery of fuel oil to the cylinders
What is the purpose of using clean kerosene on sticky valve stems before starting a diesel engine?
To help free the sticky valve stems
What action should be taken with the cooling system of a diesel engine before starting it?
Check the coolant level in the radiator
What is the function of manually operated semi-rotary pumps fitted to the engine's circulation system?
To provide a backup for the main oil pump
Why is it important to observe the engine manufacturer's instructions regarding the cooling system?
To avoid overheating
What is the purpose of a bypass switch or button during the start-up mode of a diesel engine?
To disable or override trips during start-up
What should be done after the oil pressure is above the low oil pressure trip setting?
Both A and B
Why is it recommended to run a diesel engine with little to no load until normal operating temperature is reached?
To prevent harsh sounds and smoothen out the engine
What is one common operational variable to monitor on the control panel of a running engine?
Air filter differential pressure
What is the recommended action if a control operator monitors variables remotely and notices readings out of normal operating ranges?
Graph up variables for trending analysis
What is the primary purpose of keeping a log of required readings of a running engine?
To track changes in operational variables over time
Why are alarms usually set to alert the control operator of any variables out of normal operating ranges?
To ensure quick attention to deviations from normal conditions
Explore the different classifications of internal combustion engines based on fuel type, ignition method, and number of strokes in a working cycle. Learn about the major types of fuels used in internal combustion engines such as gasoline, gaseous fuels, and fuel oils.
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