24 Questions
What is the primary function of a trophic hormone?
To regulate hormone secretion by another endocrine gland
Which type of feedback system is more common in the body?
Negative feedback system
What happens to the endocrine gland in a negative feedback system?
It decreases its activity in response to increased concentration of the substance it regulates
What is an example of a positive feedback system?
Blood clotting
What is the result of primary endocrine disease?
Excessive production of pituitary hormones
What is the result of damage to the hypothalamus?
Deficiency of target gland hormones
What is the primary characteristic of protein hormones that prevents them from crossing the plasma membrane?
They are hydrophilic and lipophilic
What is the characteristic of lipophilic hormones?
Soluble in lipids, insoluble in water
Which of the following hormones is derived from tryptophan?
Melatonin
What is the role of second messengers in hormone action?
To carry the message from the plasma membrane to the interior of the cell
What is the common characteristic of hormones that bind to intracellular receptors?
They are all fat-soluble
Which of the following hormones is an example of a glycoprotein hormone?
FSH
What is the classification of hormones based on their receptor location?
Into two groups: nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors
Which of the following hormones is an example of a lipophilic hormone?
Thyroid hormone
What is the main difference between hormones that bind to membrane receptors and those that bind to intracellular receptors?
Their mechanism of action
What is the result of hormone binding to its receptor?
Conformational change in the receptor
Which of the following hormones is not an example of a steroid hormone?
Thyroid hormones
What is the characteristic of hydrophilic hormones?
Soluble in water, insoluble in lipids
What is the primary location of nuclear receptors in a cell?
Nucleus and associated with one or more chromosomes
Which of the following is an example of a membrane receptor?
G-protein coupled receptor
What is the primary function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the endocrine system?
To produce tropic hormones that stimulate target glands
What is the mechanism by which the hypothalamic-pituitary axis operates?
Through short and long negative feedback loops
What is the exception to the mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?
Prolactin
What is the first step in the mechanism of the endocrine axis?
The production of releasing hormones by the hypothalamus
This quiz covers the classification of hormones according to their chemical nature and mechanism of action, including protein, amino acid derived, and steroid hormones. It also explains the characteristics of each type.
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