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Questions and Answers
There are no morphologically different subspecies in Apis mellifera.
There are no morphologically different subspecies in Apis mellifera.
False (B)
How do Apis mellifera often originate?
How do Apis mellifera often originate?
From swarms
Where do Apis mellifera often live? (List three places)
Where do Apis mellifera often live? (List three places)
Cavities in rocks, hollow trees, or cavities in structures
What is the scientific name for the honey bee?
What is the scientific name for the honey bee?
Why is Apis mellifera considered domesticated?
Why is Apis mellifera considered domesticated?
What is the risk associated with importation of Apis mellifera?
What is the risk associated with importation of Apis mellifera?
When did living things start being classified and by who?
When did living things start being classified and by who?
What is the basic naming system for plants and animals?
What is the basic naming system for plants and animals?
What is the scientific name for a honey bee?
What is the scientific name for a honey bee?
What does the 'L.' at the end of Apis mellifera stand for?
What does the 'L.' at the end of Apis mellifera stand for?
How many scientific names did Linnaeus designate?
How many scientific names did Linnaeus designate?
An insect's common name is 2 words if the insect is classified in a taxonomic grouping to which the name applies. Give examples.
An insect's common name is 2 words if the insect is classified in a taxonomic grouping to which the name applies. Give examples.
When is 'honey bee' hyphenated?
When is 'honey bee' hyphenated?
How many types of honey bees are in Europe?
How many types of honey bees are in Europe?
What types of living things are included in the classification system?
What types of living things are included in the classification system?
Most divisions in classification are based mainly on what?
Most divisions in classification are based mainly on what?
What division isn't based on morphology?
What division isn't based on morphology?
What are three other things that frequently help classify organisms?
What are three other things that frequently help classify organisms?
What are the main categories of classification?
What are the main categories of classification?
Are there any other classifications used other than the main categories?
Are there any other classifications used other than the main categories?
What are two intermediate categories often used in honey bee classification?
What are two intermediate categories often used in honey bee classification?
What is the broadest classification?
What is the broadest classification?
How many kingdoms are there and what are two of them?
How many kingdoms are there and what are two of them?
What are kingdoms divided into?
What are kingdoms divided into?
What is a phylum?
What is a phylum?
What are the principal animal phyla? Give examples for each.
What are the principal animal phyla? Give examples for each.
What are 6 commonalities between all arthropods?
What are 6 commonalities between all arthropods?
What percentage of the world's animals do arthropods make up?
What percentage of the world's animals do arthropods make up?
What are the major classes in Phylum Arthropoda?
What are the major classes in Phylum Arthropoda?
What are the characteristics of Class Insecta?
What are the characteristics of Class Insecta?
All insects possess characteristics of arthropods but are further distinguished by what anatomical features?
All insects possess characteristics of arthropods but are further distinguished by what anatomical features?
How many different species are in Class Insecta?
How many different species are in Class Insecta?
What is the most dominant animal group on Earth?
What is the most dominant animal group on Earth?
How many species of insects could you find in your home if you looked?
How many species of insects could you find in your home if you looked?
What type of insects are commonly found in large numbers?
What type of insects are commonly found in large numbers?
What are classes broken down into?
What are classes broken down into?
How many orders are in Class Insecta?
How many orders are in Class Insecta?
What are the main characteristics that distinguish orders?
What are the main characteristics that distinguish orders?
What 4 large orders have most of the insect species?
What 4 large orders have most of the insect species?
What is Order Hymenoptera?
What is Order Hymenoptera?
Are all social insects classified in Order Hymenoptera?
Are all social insects classified in Order Hymenoptera?
Why is it hard to list shared characteristics of hymenopterans?
Why is it hard to list shared characteristics of hymenopterans?
What are the two suborders in Order Hymenoptera?
What are the two suborders in Order Hymenoptera?
What are members of the Apocrita suborder characterized by?
What are members of the Apocrita suborder characterized by?
How do some adult bees and wasps damage plants?
How do some adult bees and wasps damage plants?
Apocrita are further divided into what two major groups?
Apocrita are further divided into what two major groups?
What are the two large aculeate superfamilies?
What are the two large aculeate superfamilies?
In the superfamily Apoidea, how many species of bees are estimated globally and how many families and genera are these classified into?
In the superfamily Apoidea, how many species of bees are estimated globally and how many families and genera are these classified into?
Bees are unlike other insects in that they have what three features?
Bees are unlike other insects in that they have what three features?
How old is the oldest fossilized bee?
How old is the oldest fossilized bee?
How long ago did the first bees evolve and what did they evolve from?
How long ago did the first bees evolve and what did they evolve from?
What did bees diversify with?
What did bees diversify with?
What is one feature that can make some bees look like wasps?
What is one feature that can make some bees look like wasps?
Can bees be parasitic on other bees?
Can bees be parasitic on other bees?
How many commonly recognized families of bees are there and how many are found in North America?
How many commonly recognized families of bees are there and how many are found in North America?
What are the 7 families of bees found in North America?
What are the 7 families of bees found in North America?
What is the Colletidae family known for and what are its two major genera?
What is the Colletidae family known for and what are its two major genera?
What is unique about the Hylaeus genera of family Colletidae?
What is unique about the Hylaeus genera of family Colletidae?
What describes the Colletes genera of family Colletidae?
What describes the Colletes genera of family Colletidae?
When are most species in family Colletidae adults?
When are most species in family Colletidae adults?
Which family represents 60-70% of Apoidea in eastern US?
Which family represents 60-70% of Apoidea in eastern US?
What is the Halictidae family known for?
What is the Halictidae family known for?
Name five genera in family Halictidae.
Name five genera in family Halictidae.
What is unique about family Andrenidae (sand or digger bees)?
What is unique about family Andrenidae (sand or digger bees)?
Name three genera in family Andrenidae.
Name three genera in family Andrenidae.
What is known about the families Melittidae and Dasypodidae?
What is known about the families Melittidae and Dasypodidae?
What do members of family Megachilidae (Leafcutting and mason bees) have in common?
What do members of family Megachilidae (Leafcutting and mason bees) have in common?
What are the main genera in family Megachilidae?
What are the main genera in family Megachilidae?
What is Megachile rotundata?
What is Megachile rotundata?
Who are mason bee nests popular with?
Who are mason bee nests popular with?
What does family Apidae (long-tongued bees) include?
What does family Apidae (long-tongued bees) include?
What are the three common subfamilies in family Apidae?
What are the three common subfamilies in family Apidae?
Where do the Bombus species (bumble bees) occur from?
Where do the Bombus species (bumble bees) occur from?
Where is the orchid bee genus (Euglossa) mostly found?
Where is the orchid bee genus (Euglossa) mostly found?
Where and for what are stingless bees used?
Where and for what are stingless bees used?
What is the general structure of Apidae that are eusocial?
What is the general structure of Apidae that are eusocial?
What distinguishes honey bees from all other bees?
What distinguishes honey bees from all other bees?
Where is the corbicula found?
Where is the corbicula found?
Which specific Apidae lack corbiculae?
Which specific Apidae lack corbiculae?
What are the characteristics of Apis species?
What are the characteristics of Apis species?
What is the first known genus Apis fossil?
What is the first known genus Apis fossil?
How did the Apis mellifera L. species likely develop?
How did the Apis mellifera L. species likely develop?
What suggests genus Apis hasn't undergone great evolutionary changes?
What suggests genus Apis hasn't undergone great evolutionary changes?
How many recognized honey bee species and subspecies are there?
How many recognized honey bee species and subspecies are there?
What are the four widely recognized and distributed bee species in the genus Apis?
What are the four widely recognized and distributed bee species in the genus Apis?
What kind of hives do Apis florea build and where?
What kind of hives do Apis florea build and where?
What is the appearance of Apis florea bees?
What is the appearance of Apis florea bees?
How do humans usually interact with Apis florea?
How do humans usually interact with Apis florea?
Why is Apis adreniformis undesirable for beekeeping?
Why is Apis adreniformis undesirable for beekeeping?
What kind of hives do Apis dorsata build and where?
What kind of hives do Apis dorsata build and where?
What is the appearance of Apis dorsata?
What is the appearance of Apis dorsata?
What are human interactions with Apis dorsata bees?
What are human interactions with Apis dorsata bees?
What is the temperament of Apis dorsata bees?
What is the temperament of Apis dorsata bees?
Have attempts to bring Apis dorsata to America been successful?
Have attempts to bring Apis dorsata to America been successful?
How does Apis dorsata compare to its related species, Apis laboriosa?
How does Apis dorsata compare to its related species, Apis laboriosa?
Where have Apis cerana been kept and for how long?
Where have Apis cerana been kept and for how long?
Where else are Apis cerana found?
Where else are Apis cerana found?
What other type of bee does Apis cerana closely resemble and what is the difference?
What other type of bee does Apis cerana closely resemble and what is the difference?
Apis cerana hives and foundations are scaled down to suit their smaller size.
Apis cerana hives and foundations are scaled down to suit their smaller size.
What is a risk of bringing Apis cerana to America for backyard beekeepers?
What is a risk of bringing Apis cerana to America for backyard beekeepers?
Study Notes
Classification of Honey Bees
- Classification of living things began in the 1700s by Carl Linnaeus, who established a binomial naming system.
- The scientific name for a honey bee is Apis mellifera L., where "L." refers to Linnaeus, the first describer of the species.
- Linnaeus designated approximately 9000 scientific names.
- Insect common names typically consist of two words when they fit a specific taxonomic grouping, such as "honey bee" or "house fly."
- Honey bee is hyphenated when used as a compound modifier, e.g., "honey-bee physiology."
- Europe is home to one type of honey bee.
Classification System Hierarchy
- All living organisms are classified based on traits like feeding, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli.
- Classification divisions primarily rely on anatomical features, whereas species designation doesn't focus on morphology.
- Critical classifications include Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species, with additional intermediate categories like suborder and superfamily.
- There are five to six kingdoms, with plants and animals as two examples.
- Each kingdom is divided into major groups called phyla.
Phyla and Arthropods
- Phylum classifications are based on shared structural characteristics.
- Nine principal animal phyla include Porifera (sponges), Chordata (fish, birds, mammals), and Arthropoda (insects, spiders).
- Arthropods account for over 81% of the world's animal species and have defining characteristics like segmented bodies and exoskeletons.
- Major classes in Phylum Arthropoda include Crustacea (lobsters), Arachnida (spiders), and Insecta (insects).
Insect Classification
- Class Insecta typically includes two body regions and has three pairs of legs, among other specific features.
- Estimates of insect species range from 1 to 20 million, with insects dominating animal diversity.
- Insect orders are differentiated by characteristics like body shape, wings, appendages, and mouthparts, with four large orders housing the most species: Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera.
Order Hymenoptera and Bees
- The Hymenoptera order includes over 100,000 species, with both social and solitary insects.
- Significant suborders include Symphata (sawflies) and Apocrita (ants, wasps, bees), with Apocrita further divided into parasitic and aculeate groups.
- The superfamily Apoidea comprises around 20,000 bees, classified into 10 to 11 families and over 150 genera.
- Bees are distinct from other insects due to their plumose hair for pollen transport and reliance on pollen and nectar.
Honey Bee Species
- Seven to eleven recognized honey bee species exist, with four widely known: Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, and Apis florea.
- Bees have existed for around 100 million years, primarily evolving from wasps alongside the diversification of flowering plants.
- Apis mellifera is frequently managed by humans, while other species like Apis dorsata remain wild and undomesticated.
Honey Bee Characteristics
- Honey bees possess unique features like pollen baskets on hind legs and specific eye and wing structures.
- The oldest known honey bee fossil, approximately 40 million years old, suggests a long evolutionary timeline with stable characteristics.
- Interaction with various species varies, with Apis florea collecting honey while typically not stinging humans, contrasting with the more defensive Apis dorsata.
Families of Bees in North America
- North America hosts seven families of bees, including Halictidae (sweet bees) and Apidae (long-tongued bees).
- Each family showcases diverse behaviors, habitats, and nesting preferences; for instance, Megachilidae members primarily use existing cavities for nesting.
- Social bees, like those in the Apidae family, exhibit complex social structures, often comprising workers, queens, and drones.
Summary of Key Families
- Colletidae (Plaster Bees): Primitive bees, mainly present in spring and fall.
- Halictidae (Sweet Bees): Diverse social structures and comprise 60-70% of Apoidea in Eastern US.
- Andrenidae (Sand/Digger Bees): Solitary nesting, often with a short flight season linked to flower availability.
- Megachilidae: Notable pollinators of early flowering trees, members exhibit high uniformity.
- Apidae: Includes well-known species like honey bees and bumblebees, characterized by their social structures.
Evolution and Human Interaction
- Apis mellifera has a long history of human management, widely hybridized, and adjusted to various ecosystems globally.
- Risks associated with importing other species like Apis cerana include potential introduction of pests and parasites, leading to ecological impacts.
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of honey bees and the history of biological naming. Learn about the contributions of Carl Linnaeus and the binomial naming system used in taxonomy. Get ready to enhance your understanding of the scientific classification of living organisms.
