Classification of Computers

Classification of Computers

• Classification is based on purpose, data handling, and capacity.

General Purpose Computer

• Designed to perform a variety of tasks with appropriate software installed.

Special Purpose Computer

• Developed for specific tasks; cannot perform beyond intended functions.

Examples of Special Purpose Computers

• ATM machines: Allow access to bank accounts via special cards.
• Robots: Utilize in manufacturing and military applications.
• Mobile phones: Used for communication and entertainment.
• Calculators: Designed solely for mathematical calculations.

Purpose-Based Classification

• Divided into general and special purpose categories.

Data Handling Classification

• Classified as analog, digital, or hybrid based on data processing.

Analog Computers

• Recognize data as continuous measurements of physical properties (e.g., voltage).
• Examples include automobile speedometers and thermometers.

Digital Computers

• High-speed, programmable devices capable of mathematical calculations and data storage.
• Recognize data through discrete signals representing voltage states.

Hybrid Computers

• Process both analog and digital data by converting analog signals into digital form.
• Examples include vital sign machines and petrol pumps.

Capacity-Based Classification

• Includes microcomputers, minicomputers, medium-sized computers, large computers, and supercomputers.

Microcomputers

• Known as personal computers (PCs); based on microprocessors.
• Include notebooks, laptops, and desktops with varying capacities.

Minicomputers

• Perform basic arithmetic and logic functions.
• Smaller and less expensive than mainframes, suitable for non-large volume data tasks.

Medium-Sized Computers

• Faster operating speeds and larger storage capacities than minicomputers.
• Support management information systems for organizations like banks and universities.
• Examples: IBM System 370, Burroughs 3500 System, NCR Century 200 system.

Large Computers

• Offer high system sophistication and speed.
• Storage from 512k to 8192k and internal operating speeds in nanoseconds.
• Used for complex modeling, simulations, business operations, and engineering.
• Can function as server systems for networks of smaller computers.

Supercomputers

• The largest and fastest computing machines available.
• Designed for extensive calculations, applied in nuclear development and weather forecasting.
• Serve as host processors for local computer networks and time-sharing applications.