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Classification of Automobiles Unit 1
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Classification of Automobiles Unit 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the main foundation and base for alignment of the chassis?

  • Power unit
  • Frame (correct)
  • Transmission system
  • Body

    • What is the term that refers to the underlying framework or structure that supports various components?

  • Chassis (correct)
  • Transmission system
  • Body
  • Power unit

    • What type of chassis is commonly used in passenger cars and some SUVs?

  • Backbone Chassis
  • Monocoque (Unibody) Chassis (correct)
  • Body-on-Frame Chassis
  • Spaceframe Chassis

    • What is the inside diameter of the cylinder called?

    <p>Bore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the superstructure of the vehicle that is bolted to the chassis?

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chassis is often used in sports cars and high-performance vehicles?

    <p>Backbone Chassis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for classifying an automobile as a heavy transport vehicle?

    <p>Load carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vehicles is an example of a three-wheeler?

    <p>Autorickshaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to the topmost position of the piston towards the cover end side of the cylinder?

    <p>T.D.C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an electric vehicle?

    <p>Uses battery to drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of an automobile that consists of the frame and base components?

    <p>Chassis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chassis is commonly used in trucks, SUVs, and off-road vehicles?

    <p>Body-on-Frame Chassis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a special type of vehicle that is classified based on its body style?

    <p>Ambulance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the linear distance along the cylinder axis between two limiting positions called?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an automatic transmission vehicle?

    <p>Gears are not required to be changed manually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a left-hand drive vehicle?

    <p>Driver sits on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an all-wheel drive vehicle?

    <p>Power is transmitted to all four wheels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the engine located in most vehicles?

    <p>At the front side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest position of the piston towards the crank end side of the cylinder?

    <p>Bottom Dead Center (B.D.C.)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the piston rings in a gasoline engine?

    <p>To provide a tight seal between the piston and the cylinder wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume contained in the cylinder above the top of the piston when the piston is at Top Dead Center?

    <p>Clearance Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the camshaft in a gasoline engine?

    <p>To control the opening and closing of the two valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of Total cylinder volume to clearance volume?

    <p>Compression Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main supporting structure for the various components of an engine?

    <p>Cylinder Block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the flywheel in a gasoline engine?

    <p>To carry the inertia when there is no power stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of diesel engines?

    <p>Higher compression ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cylindrical vessel or space in which the piston makes a reciprocating motion?

    <p>Cylinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the moving boundary of the combustion system?

    <p>Piston</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connecting rod responsible for in a gasoline engine?

    <p>Connecting the piston and piston pin to the crankshaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pipe that connects the intake system to the inlet valve of the engine?

    <p>Inlet Manifold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the timing gears in a gasoline engine?

    <p>To drive the camshaft from the crankshaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the link between the small end of the connecting rod and the piston?

    <p>Gudgeon Pin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cylinder head responsible for in a gasoline engine?

    <p>Forming the top of the combustion chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are diesel engines not preferred in commercial vehicles?

    <p>They are heavier and more expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into useful rotary motion of the output shaft?

    <p>Crankshaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the valves that regulate the charge coming into the cylinder and discharge the products of combustion from the cylinder?

    <p>Inlet and Exhaust Valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of diesel engines in terms of fuel economy?

    <p>They have better fuel economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the crankshaft in a gasoline engine?

    <p>To convert the up and down motion of the piston to rotary motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of engine balancing?

    <p>Improved reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration in engine balancing?

    <p>Engine speed and application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dynamic balancing?

    <p>To adjust imbalance forces and moments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used in the Bobweight method?

    <p>Bobweights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an application of computational methods in engine balancing?

    <p>To optimize component design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a modern development in engine balancing?

    <p>Active balancing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is engine balancing critical?

    <p>It impacts performance, durability, and user experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of not balancing an engine?

    <p>Increased vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a diesel engine?

    <p>Better fuel economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of engine is known for its smooth operation and good balance?

    <p>Inline-6 engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of engine balancing?

    <p>To ensure smooth operation and minimize vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of engine is commonly used in luxury cars and performance vehicles?

    <p>V8 engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a V engine configuration?

    <p>Balance of performance and compact size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of engine balancing deals with the forces caused by the reciprocating masses?

    <p>Primary balancing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing shafts in inline-4 engines?

    <p>To counteract primary and secondary forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of engine is commonly associated with Porsche cars?

    <p>Flat-6 engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common configuration of multiple cylinder engines in passenger cars?

    <p>Inline-4 engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration for choosing an engine configuration?

    <p>Vehicle size, performance requirements, and fuel efficiency goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Automobiles

    • Automobiles are classified based on:
      • Load: Heavy Transport Vehicle (HTV), Light Transport Vehicle (LTV), etc.
      • Wheels: Two-wheeler, Three-wheeler, Four-wheeler, Six-wheeler, etc.
      • Fuel used: Petrol, Diesel, Electric, Steam, Gas, etc.
      • Body style: Sedan, Hatchback, Coupe, Station Wagon, Convertible, etc.
      • Transmission: Conventional, Semi-automatic, Automatic
      • Drive: Left-hand drive, Right-hand drive
      • Driving axle: Front-wheel drive, Rear-wheel drive, All-wheel drive

    Vehicle Construction and Components

    • Main components of an automobile:
      • Frame
      • Chassis
      • Body
      • Power unit
      • Transmission system
    • Frame: The skeleton of the vehicle
      • Types: Conventional, Semi-integral, Integral
    • Chassis: The underlying framework of the vehicle
      • Types: Body-on-Frame, Monocoque (Unibody), Backbone, Spaceframe, Platform

    Engine Components

    • Cylinder Block:
      • Main supporting structure for engine components
      • Cylinder head is mounted on top
      • Crankcase is provided at the bottom
    • Cylinder:
      • Cylindrical vessel or space for piston movement
      • Supported in the cylinder block
    • Piston:
      • Cylindrical component that fits into the cylinder
      • Forms the moving boundary of the combustion system
    • Combustion Chamber:
      • Space enclosed in the upper part of the cylinder
      • Fuel combustion takes place here
    • Inlet Manifold:
      • Pipe that connects the intake system to the inlet valve
      • Air or air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder
    • Gudgeon Pin:
      • Forms the link between the small end of the connecting rod and the piston
    • Exhaust Manifold:
      • Pipe that connects the exhaust system to the exhaust valve
      • Products of combustion escape into the atmosphere
    • Inlet and Exhaust Valves:
      • Regulate the charge coming into the cylinder and the products of combustion
    • Connecting Rod:
      • Interconnects the piston and the crankshaft
      • Transmits the gas forces from the piston to the crankshaft
    • Crankshaft:
      • Converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into useful rotary motion
      • Enclosed in a crankcase

    Gasoline Engine

    • Basic parts of a gasoline engine:
      • Cylinder block
      • Piston
      • Piston rings
      • Piston pin
      • Connecting rod
      • Crankshaft
      • Cylinder head
      • Intake valve
      • Exhaust valve
      • Camshaft
      • Timing gears
      • Spark plug

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Engines

    • Advantages:
      • Better fuel economy
      • Longer engine life
    • Disadvantages:
      • Heavier and more expensive
      • Lower maximum RPM ranges
      • Must be fuel injected
      • Produce more smoke
      • Harder to start in cold weather
      • Noisier and tend to vibrate

    Multiple Cylinder Engines

    • Common configurations:
      • Inline engines (I2, I3, I4, I5, I6)
      • V engines (V6, V8, V10, V12)
      • Boxer (Flat) engines (F4, F6)
      • Rotary engines
    • Factors influencing engine configuration:
      • Vehicle size
      • Performance requirements
      • Fuel efficiency goals
      • Manufacturer preferences

    Engine Balancing

    • Importance of engine balancing:
      • Smooth operation
      • Minimize vibrations
      • Optimize performance
    • Types of engine balancing:
      • Primary balancing (reciprocating masses)
      • Secondary balancing (rotating masses)
    • Methods of balancing:
      • Balancing shafts
      • Counterweights
      • Engine layout optimization
    • Benefits of engine balancing:
      • Smooth operation
      • Improved reliability
      • Performance optimization
    • Considerations in balancing:
      • Engine speed and application
      • Manufacturing tolerances
      • Cost and complexity
    • Balancing techniques:
      • Dynamic balancing
      • Bobweight method
    • Modern developments:
      • Active balancing systems
      • Computational methods (CAD, simulation, CFD, FEA)

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    Description

    Learn about the classification of automobiles, including heavy transport vehicles, light transport vehicles, and more. Understand the basis of load, purpose, and fuel type.

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