44 Questions
Which vital organs can be affected by arrhythmias?
Brain
What is the main factor used to classify arrhythmias?
Origin of the abnormal electrical activity
In which part of the heart are supraventricular arrhythmias initiated?
Atrioventricular node
What is the first step in treating patients with palpitations?
Making a specific diagnosis
Which type of arrhythmia involves a wide variety of rhythm disturbances above the Bundle of His?
Atrial fibrillation
What strategies are commonly used for treating patients with supraventricular arrhythmias?
Controlling the ventricular rate
What is a primary cause of sudden cardiac death?
Ventricular fibrillation
Which of the following is NOT recognized as a cause of susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation?
High levels of potassium
What is a major goal of clinical arrhythmia management?
Managing ventricular fibrillation
What is the classic physical examination finding for arrhythmias' effects on cardiac output?
Hypotension
Which antiarrhythmic drug therapy should NOT be used in patients with structural heart disease?
Sotalol
What is the best approach for radiofrequency ablation according to the text?
Experienced electrophysiologist
What is a common symptom of ventricular fibrillation?
Loss of consciousness
Which initiative aims to improve ventricular fibrillation survival rates?
Mission: Lifeline
'The susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation is markedly increased by myocardial ischemia or infarction' implies that:
Myocardial ischemia leads to increased risk of ventricular fibrillation.
'Treatment options for VT include rhythm maintenance with antiarrhythmic drug therapy' implies that:
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy is one of the treatment options for VT.
What is the typical heart rate range during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?
140-220 beats per minute
What is a common trigger for the onset of SVT?
High levels of adrenaline
How is the diagnosis of PSVT usually confirmed?
History taking and ECG
What characteristic abnormality is typically seen on an ECG during an episode of PSVT?
Delta waves
Which type of ventricular arrhythmia can occur in the context of a prolonged QT interval?
Torsades des pointes
What is a common trigger for torsades des pointes?
Erythromycin intake
What is the most common site for re-entry circuits resulting in ventricular tachycardia (VT)?
Left ventricle
What defines sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)?
Lasting more than 30 seconds
What is the primary event in the occurrence of atrial flutter?
Single abnormal atrial focus or a micro re-entry circuit
Which condition is characterized by more electrical activity in the right atrium?
Atrial flutter
What is a common cause of atrial flutter in patients with a history of rheumatic fever?
Structural heart disease
Which test is considered standard to detect atrial fibrillation, even if it is not present all the time?
Electrocardiogram
What is a key factor contributing to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly people?
Increased incidence of coronary artery disease
What can contrite to rhythm control failure once atrial fibrillation is present?
Alcohol abuse
Which diagnostic method is effective for diagnosing atrial fibrillation?
Regular pulse checks
Atrial flutter is characterized by what type of beating pattern in the heart?
100-200 times per minute
Which health condition can lead to heart failure by causing the heart muscle to weaken over time?
Atrial Flutter
What is the abnormally fast heart rhythm resulting from improper electrical activity in the upper part of the heart called?
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
What is the optimal response to a witnessed sudden collapse with no palpable pulse?
Chest compressions and defibrillation without pausing for auxiliary CPR
Which class of patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) have no known heart disease?
Class III
What is the primary aim of treatment for PVCs?
Treating underlying heart disease
Which factor can increase the risk of heart disease in patients with increased PVC frequency?
High adrenaline levels due to exercise or stress
What is the most commonly used medication to suppress PVCs?
Lidocaine
In which group of patients do most individuals with PVCs not require any treatment?
Those with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic arrhythmias
What is the recommended treatment for PVCs in patients with structurally normal hearts and significant symptoms?
"Medication or ablation"
Which method is NOT typically used to confirm the diagnosis of PSVT?
"Stress test"
What is the main factor contributing to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly people?
"Aging"
What lifestyle change should be advised to reduce sympathetic activity in patients with PVCs?
Stress reduction techniques
Learn about the two main types of arrhythmias, including supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias, which can lead to symptoms like dizziness, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. Understand how arrhythmias affect blood flow and vital organs.
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