Classification of Acids
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Questions and Answers

Which acid is classified as a dibasic acid?

  • H2SO4 (correct)
  • HCl
  • H3PO4
  • CH3COOH

    • What type of acid is formed from organic sources?

  • H2SO4
  • HNO3
  • HCl
  • Oxalic acid (correct)

    • How many hydronium ions does a tribasic acid produce per molecule in water?

  • Two
  • One
  • Four
  • Three (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT classified as a mineral acid?

    <p>CH3COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of oxyacids?

    <p>They contain oxygen along with hydrogen and another element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds can be classified as a monobasic acid?

    <p>HCOOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is classified as an organic acid?

    <p>Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes dibasic acids from monobasic acids?

    <p>Dibasic acids produce two hydronium ions per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of boric acid?

    <p>Food preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hydrobromic acid?

    <p>Hydrobromic acid (HBr)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do inorganic acids primarily differ from organic acids?

    <p>Inorganic acids are derived from minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used in the preparation of fertilizers?

    <p>Nitric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'basicity of an acid' refer to?

    <p>The number of times an acid can dissociate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is a weak acid?

    <p>Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is considered tribasic?

    <p>Phosphoric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is known for being produced from rancid butter?

    <p>Butyric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about weak acids is correct?

    <p>They do not ionize completely in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is commonly found in vinegar?

    <p>Acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is classified as dibasic?

    <p>Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water never added directly to concentrated acid?

    <p>It can cause violent splattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basicity of an acid primarily determined by?

    <p>The number of hydronium ions produced during ionization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a dibasic acid?

    <p>Carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid can be derived from urine?

    <p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is primarily used as a stain remover?

    <p>Oxalic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a concentrated acid?

    <p>An acid with a very small amount of water or no water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can be used to dilute an acid safely?

    <p>Pouring acid into water while stirring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of an acid primarily determined by?

    <p>The number of hydronium ions it produces in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of ionization for an acid?

    <p>The ratio of ionized acid molecules to total acid molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you identify a strong acid based on its degree of ionization?

    <p>If the degree of ionization is greater than 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of acids?

    <p>Acids have a sour taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of acids can be prepared by the action of water on non-metallic oxides?

    <p>Only oxy-acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding concentrated sulfuric acid?

    <p>It causes blisters and chars the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is categorized as a solid at room temperature?

    <p>Boric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when nitric oxide reacts with water?

    <p>It forms mixed or double anhydride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a base?

    <p>It reacts with hydronium ions to form salt and water only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a strong alkali?

    <p>Potassium hydroxide (KOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about alkalis is true?

    <p>Alkalis produce hydroxyl (OH⁻) ions in aqueous solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic hydroxide?

    <p>Calcium oxide (CaO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is lead (IV) oxide not considered a base?

    <p>It produces chlorine gas when reacted with an acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a weak alkali?

    <p>Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every alkali is categorized as a base because it:

    <p>produces hydroxyl ions in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bases is notable for being a weak alkali?

    <p>Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the acidity of a base?

    <p>The number of hydroxyl ions it produces per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a diacidic base?

    <p>It produces two hydroxyl ions per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can bases be prepared through double decomposition?

    <p>By reacting aqueous solutions of salts with a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these properties is true for bases?

    <p>They produce hydrogen gas when reacting with metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction leads to the formation of a base from a metal and water?

    <p>2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate property that describes how bases interact with indicators?

    <p>They change the color of indicators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bases can be categorized as triacidic bases?

    <p>None of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method for preparing bases from metallic oxides?

    <p>Reaction of metallic oxides with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is categorized as a volatile acid?

    <p>Acetic acid (CH3COOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color change of litmus in an acidic medium?

    <p>Turns red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid does not exhibit corrosive action on the skin?

    <p>Carbonic acid (H2CO3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with magnesium (Mg), what is produced?

    <p>Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicators remains colorless in a basic solution?

    <p>Phenolphthalein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is an example of an olfactory indicator?

    <p>Onion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is released when acids react with metallic carbonates?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about nitric acid is true?

    <p>It is a strong oxidizing agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Acids

    • Acids are classified based on their sources and basicity.

    Sources of Acids

    • Organic Acids: Derived from plants and contain carbon.
      • Examples:
        • Oxalic acid (COOH)₂
        • Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
        • Formic acid (HCOOH)
      • Often weak and do not fully ionize in solution.
      • Sources of organic acids include vinegar (Acetic Acid) and citrus fruits (Citric Acid).
    • Inorganic Acids (Mineral Acids): Obtained from minerals and do not contain carbon (with an exception like carbonic acid H₂CO₃).
      • Examples:
        • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
        • Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
        • Nitric acid (HNO₃)
        • Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)
      • These are strong acids, ionizing completely in solution, producing high concentrations of hydronium ions (H₃O+).

    Basicity of Acids

    • Defined by the number of hydronium ions (H₃O+) produced when an acid ionizes in water.
    • Monobasic Acids: Yield one hydronium ion per molecule.
      • Example: HCl
    • Dibasic Acids: Yield two hydronium ions.
      • Example: H₂SO₄
    • Tribasic Acids: Yield three hydronium ions.
      • Example: H₃PO₄
    • Basicity depends on ionizable hydrogen atoms, not just the total hydrogen count.

    Acid Concentration and Strength

    • Concentration refers to the amount of acid in a solution, influencing its use and safety in handling.
    • A concentrated acid contains minimal water, while a dilute acid has significantly more water than acid.
    • Diluting an acid requires adding acid to water gradually, never the reverse due to exothermic reactions which can lead to splattering.
    • Strength of an Acid: Measured by the concentration of hydronium ions it produces.
      • Stronger acids have higher degrees of ionization (α).
      • Degree of ionization greater than 30% indicates a strong acid, while less signifies a weak acid.

    Preparation of Acids

    • Acids can be synthesized from non-metals, binary acids, through water reaction, or oxidation processes.

    Properties of Acids

    • Physical Properties:
      • Sour taste and corrosive nature, particularly in mineral acids.
      • State varies, with examples of solid (boric acid) and liquid (sulphuric acid) acids.
    • Effects on Skin:
      • All mineral acids can cause burns and blisters.
      • Specific acids produce characteristic color changes on skin.
    • Indicator Color Change:
      • Litmus turns red in acidic solutions, indicating the acidic nature of the solution.

    Chemical Reactions

    • Reaction with Active Metals:
      • Acids react with active metals, producing metallic salts and hydrogen gas.
    • Neutralization of Bases:
      • Acids react with bases to form salt and water.
    • Decomposition of Carbonates:
      • Acids react with carbonates and bicarbonates, liberating carbon dioxide.

    General Uses of Some Acids

    • Boric acid: Eye-wash and antiseptic.
    • Citric acid: Vitamin C preparation.
    • Acetic acid: Cooking and vinegar.
    • Nitric acid: Manufacturing explosives.

    Bases

    • A base is typically a metallic hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide that reacts with hydronium ions in water.
    • Strong Bases: Fully dissociate in solution, e.g. NaOH and KOH.
    • Weak Bases: Partially dissociate, e.g. NH₄OH.

    Acidity of Bases

    • Defined by the number of hydroxyl ions (OH⁻) produced per molecule when dissolved in water.

    Preparation of Bases

    • Bases can be produced from metals, hydroxides, or through double decomposition.

    Properties of Bases

    • Physical Properties: Sharp, bitter taste; change color of indicators.
    • Chemical Properties: Often form soapy substances and serve as strong electrolytes.

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    Description

    Explore the different ways to classify acids, focusing on their sources. This quiz covers organic acids, their properties, and examples such as oxalic, acetic, and formic acid. Test your understanding of weak acids and their behavior in solutions.

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