Podcast
Questions and Answers
What medicinal plant is known for its anti-fungal properties?
What medicinal plant is known for its anti-fungal properties?
Which of the following plants is noted for being effective in treating diabetes?
Which of the following plants is noted for being effective in treating diabetes?
What is the primary use of Yerba Buena?
What is the primary use of Yerba Buena?
Which plant is specifically used to treat skin allergies?
Which plant is specifically used to treat skin allergies?
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What is the characteristic of endemic plants?
What is the characteristic of endemic plants?
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What classification system focuses primarily on evolutionary history?
What classification system focuses primarily on evolutionary history?
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What is the scientific name of the plant popularly known as Tamarind?
What is the scientific name of the plant popularly known as Tamarind?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a stem crop?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a stem crop?
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Which endemic plant is represented on the 5 peso coin?
Which endemic plant is represented on the 5 peso coin?
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What common beverage is derived from the Coffea arabica plant?
What common beverage is derived from the Coffea arabica plant?
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Which family name is associated with the common family known as the Palm family?
Which family name is associated with the common family known as the Palm family?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of Plant Taxonomy?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of Plant Taxonomy?
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In scientific naming, how should the species descriptor be written?
In scientific naming, how should the species descriptor be written?
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Which of the following fruits is scientifically known as Fragaria ananassa?
Which of the following fruits is scientifically known as Fragaria ananassa?
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What is the peso value of the Kapa-Kapa coin?
What is the peso value of the Kapa-Kapa coin?
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Which plant is known for being represented on the 25 cent coin?
Which plant is known for being represented on the 25 cent coin?
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Which system is designed to provide a less subjective approach to classification?
Which system is designed to provide a less subjective approach to classification?
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Which classification system is described as non-evolutionary and based on few characters?
Which classification system is described as non-evolutionary and based on few characters?
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Which system uses measured and described characters to eliminate subjectivity?
Which system uses measured and described characters to eliminate subjectivity?
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Which of the following is the correct new family name for Graminae?
Which of the following is the correct new family name for Graminae?
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Which option identifies a legume mentioned in the content?
Which option identifies a legume mentioned in the content?
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What is the main purpose of Plant Systematics?
What is the main purpose of Plant Systematics?
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Which fiber plant is known as Manila Hemp?
Which fiber plant is known as Manila Hemp?
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What is the scientific name of the Waling-waling?
What is the scientific name of the Waling-waling?
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Which system classifies organisms based on natural relationships including morphology and anatomy?
Which system classifies organisms based on natural relationships including morphology and anatomy?
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Which plant is recognized for producing the spice commonly used in cooking known as garlic?
Which plant is recognized for producing the spice commonly used in cooking known as garlic?
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What is the common name for the family formerly known as Umbelliferae?
What is the common name for the family formerly known as Umbelliferae?
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What is the scientific name of the plant from which black pepper is derived?
What is the scientific name of the plant from which black pepper is derived?
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Which of the following is NOT a plant family previously known under an alternate name?
Which of the following is NOT a plant family previously known under an alternate name?
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What is a primary nutrient that grains like rice and wheat are known for?
What is a primary nutrient that grains like rice and wheat are known for?
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What does the family Compositae now refer to?
What does the family Compositae now refer to?
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Which of the following plants is not an endemic plant in the Philippines according to the provided information?
Which of the following plants is not an endemic plant in the Philippines according to the provided information?
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Which lumber plant is known for its durability and is commonly utilized in building?
Which lumber plant is known for its durability and is commonly utilized in building?
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Which root crop is mentioned as being rich in starch and sugar?
Which root crop is mentioned as being rich in starch and sugar?
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Study Notes
Learning Outcomes
- Understand different botanical classifications.
- Learn proper writing and formatting of scientific names.
- Familiarize with various scientific names of plants.
Course Outline
- Principles of botanical classification.
- Guidelines for writing scientific names.
- Overview of plant uses.
Botanical Classification Principles
- Artificial System: Classification based on few morphological characteristics; non-evolutionary.
- Natural System: Based on the natural relationships among organisms, considering morphology and anatomy.
- Phylogenetic System: Classification reflecting evolutionary history.
- Phenetics System: Early numerical taxonomy; uses measured characters without evolutionary context.
- Cladistics System: Focuses on evolutionary relationships between traits, providing less subjective classification.
Plant Taxonomy or Plant Systematics
- Science focused on finding, identifying, describing, classifying, and naming plants.
- Subfields include:
- Bacteriology: Study of bacteria.
- Mycology: Study of fungi.
- Algology/Phycology: Study of algae.
- Lichenology: Study of lichens.
- Bryology/Muscology: Study of mosses, liverworts, hornworts.
- Dendrology/Xylology: Study of trees and woody plants.
- Agrostology/Graminology: Study of grasses.
- Batology: Study of brambles (blackberries, raspberries).
- Pomology: Study of fruits.
- Ampelography: Study of grapes.
- Orchidology: Study of orchids.
Scientific Names and Binomial Nomenclature
- Derived from Latin; essential for naming organisms.
- The genus name starts with an uppercase letter, while the species descriptor begins with a lowercase letter.
- Names must be italicized or underlined.
- Example plant names:
- Bamboo: Bambusa aridinarifolia
- Capsicum: Capsicum frutescens
- Carrot: Daucus carota
- Maize: Zea mays
- Mango: Mangifera indica
New and Old Family Names
- Eight alternate scientific family names accepted by the International Code that do not end in "aceae":
- Graminae -> Poaceae (Grass family)
- Umbelliferae -> Apiaceae (Aromatic flowering plant)
- Palmae -> Arecaceae (Palm family)
- Labiatae -> Lamiaceae (Mint family)
- Leguminosae -> Fabaceae (Pea family)
- Compositae -> Asteraceae (Sunflower family)
- Cruciferae -> Brassicaceae (Mustard family)
- Guttiferae -> Clusiaceae (Mangosteen family)
Uses of Plants by Humans
- Food: Includes grains (rice, wheat), legumes (soybeans, peanuts), root crops (cassava, sweet potatoes), fruits, stem crops (sugar cane), and leafy vegetables (cabbage).
- Lumber: Trees used for construction, paper production, and rayon manufacturing; examples include Hopea acuminata and Shorea polyspema.
- Fiber: Plants like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and abaca (Musa textilis) are utilized for weaving textiles.
- Beverages: Coffee (Coffea arabica) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) derived from plants.
- Spices: Includes herbs and spices like black pepper (Piper nigrum), onions (Allium cepa), and garlic (Allium sativum).
- Medicinal plants: Used for treating ailments; notable examples include Cassia alata (anti-fungal) and Allium sativum (antibacterial).
Medicinal Plants of the Philippines
- Akapulko (Cassia alata): Anti-fungal properties.
- Ampalaya (Momordica charantia): Used for diabetes treatment.
- Bawang (Allium sativum): Has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Bayabas (Psidium guajava): Antiseptic and antioxidant properties.
- Lagun (Vitex negundo): Treats coughs and colds.
- Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica): Anthelmintic.
- Sambong (Blumea balsamifera): Diuretic used for kidney stones.
- Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla): Tea for skin allergies.
- Ulasimang Bato (Peperomia pellucida): Treats arthritis.
- Yerba Buena (Mentha cordifolia): Used as an analgesic.
Endemic Plants in the Philippines
- Endemic: A condition where a species is native to a specific region.
-
Notable endemic plants include:
- Medinilla magnifica
- Strongylodon macrobotrys
- Vanda sanderiana
- Dillenia philippinensis
- Calotropis gigantea
- Xanthostemon verdugonianus
Native Plants of the Philippines
- Includes species like Nepenthes copelandii and Cinnamomum mercadoi, which reflect the rich biodiversity unique to the region.
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Description
This quiz covers the botanical classification principles, the proper writing of scientific names, and the various uses of plants. Students will learn to differentiate between artificial and natural systems of classification as well as phylogenetics. Test your knowledge on these essential aspects of botany!
