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Questions and Answers
Who developed binomial nomenclature?
Who developed binomial nomenclature?
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)
What is an organism's scientific name composed of?
What is an organism's scientific name composed of?
genus and species
Match the following Linnean divisions (Taxonomy) with their order:
Match the following Linnean divisions (Taxonomy) with their order:
Kingdom = Top level of classification Phylum = Second level of classification Class = Third level of classification Order = Fourth level of classification Family = Fifth level of classification Genus = Second to last level of classification Species = Last level of classification
What do organisms in the same group have in common?
What do organisms in the same group have in common?
What do lower levels have to a smaller group of organisms?
What do lower levels have to a smaller group of organisms?
The four rules for species writing are: 1) Use ______ (Greek), 2) All species names must be ______ words, 3) Only ______ "uppercase" letter, the 1st letter of the 1st word (genus), 4) Both words underlined or in ______.
The four rules for species writing are: 1) Use ______ (Greek), 2) All species names must be ______ words, 3) Only ______ "uppercase" letter, the 1st letter of the 1st word (genus), 4) Both words underlined or in ______.
How many percent of animals are invertebrates?
How many percent of animals are invertebrates?
What are Phylum Porifera?
What are Phylum Porifera?
How old is one of the oldest organisms we call animals?
How old is one of the oldest organisms we call animals?
What are sponges?
What are sponges?
How do sponges catch their food?
How do sponges catch their food?
Sponges have symmetry.
Sponges have symmetry.
Sponges have true tissues or organs.
Sponges have true tissues or organs.
How do sponges help the ocean?
How do sponges help the ocean?
What is the Ostia?
What is the Ostia?
What is the Osculum?
What is the Osculum?
What are Spicules?
What are Spicules?
What are Amoebocytes?
What are Amoebocytes?
What are choanocytes?
What are choanocytes?
What does sponge hermaphroditic mean?
What does sponge hermaphroditic mean?
How do sponges reproduce?
How do sponges reproduce?
Who do sponges have competition with?
Who do sponges have competition with?
What is a predator-prey relationship?
What is a predator-prey relationship?
What is Symbiotic relationship Mutualism?
What is Symbiotic relationship Mutualism?
What is Symbiotic relationship commensalism?
What is Symbiotic relationship commensalism?
Where do organisms live within a sponge?
Where do organisms live within a sponge?
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Study Notes
Binomial Nomenclature and Taxonomy
- Developed by Carl Linnaeus, binomial nomenclature uses a two-word naming system for organisms.
- Organisms are classified using the terms genus and species.
- Linnaean taxonomy includes hierarchical divisions: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Common Features and Specificity
- Organisms within the same taxonomic group share common features, such as fur, shells, or scales.
- Lower taxonomic levels denote groups with very specific features.
Rules for Scientific Naming
- Scientific names must be in Latin or Greek and comprise two words.
- Only the first word (genus) begins with an uppercase letter.
- Both words must be underlined or italicized.
Invertebrates and Phylum Porifera
- Approximately 97% of all animals are classified as invertebrates.
- Phylum Porifera, commonly known as sponges, translates to "pore bearers."
Age and Characteristics of Sponges
- Sponges are ancient organisms, with some dating back 2.5 billion years.
- They are sessile filter feeders, meaning they do not move and feed by filtering water.
Feeding Mechanism
- Sponges capture food using specialized cells called choanocytes equipped with flagella.
Structural Aspects
- Sponges lack symmetry, true tissues, and organs.
- Ostia are pores that allow water to enter, while the osculum is the large opening for water to exit.
- Spicules, made from silica or calcium carbonate, provide structural support.
Cellular Functions
- Amoebocytes digest and distribute nutrients within the sponge body.
- Choanocytes draw water into the sponge and trap food particles.
Reproduction of Sponges
- Sponges are typically hermaphroditic, containing both male and female reproductive organs.
- They reproduce asexually through regeneration or sexually via broadcast spawning, which depends on environmental factors.
Ecological Relationships
- Sponges may compete for resources with corals and bryozoans.
- Few species act as predators of sponges.
- Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, where both species benefit, and commensalism, where one benefits without affecting the other.
Habitat of Organisms
- Various organisms can live within sponge canals, utilizing the sponge's structure for habitat.
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