Classification and Phylum Porifera Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Who developed binomial nomenclature?

Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)

What is an organism's scientific name composed of?

genus and species

Match the following Linnean divisions (Taxonomy) with their order:

Kingdom = Top level of classification Phylum = Second level of classification Class = Third level of classification Order = Fourth level of classification Family = Fifth level of classification Genus = Second to last level of classification Species = Last level of classification

What do organisms in the same group have in common?

their common features ex. having fur, shells, or scales Signup and view all the answers

What do lower levels have to a smaller group of organisms?

very specific features Signup and view all the answers

The four rules for species writing are: 1) Use (Greek), 2) All species names must be words, 3) Only "uppercase" letter, the 1st letter of the 1st word (genus), 4) Both words underlined or in .

Latin, TWO, ONE, italics Signup and view all the answers

How many percent of animals are invertebrates?

97% Signup and view all the answers

What are Phylum Porifera?

Sponges 'Pore bearers' Signup and view all the answers

How old is one of the oldest organisms we call animals?

2.5 billion years old Signup and view all the answers

What are sponges?

Sessile (non-moving) filter feeders Signup and view all the answers

How do sponges catch their food?

with their special collar cells (Choanocytes) Signup and view all the answers

Sponges have symmetry.

False Signup and view all the answers

Sponges have true tissues or organs.

False Signup and view all the answers

How do sponges help the ocean?

they help filter the ocean Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ostia?

pores that allow water in Signup and view all the answers

What is the Osculum?

large opening where water flows out Signup and view all the answers

What are Spicules?

Rigid cells made of silica or calcareous material (give structure) Signup and view all the answers

What are Amoebocytes?

Digests and circulates nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What are choanocytes?

Use flagella to draw water in and capture food Signup and view all the answers

What does sponge hermaphroditic mean?

most are both male and female Signup and view all the answers

How do sponges reproduce?

they can produce asexually by regeneration and by broadcast spawning: release gametes according to factors like temp Signup and view all the answers

Who do sponges have competition with?

Coral and Bryozoans Signup and view all the answers

What is a predator-prey relationship?

few species eat sponges Signup and view all the answers

What is Symbiotic relationship Mutualism?

both organisms benefit Signup and view all the answers

What is Symbiotic relationship commensalism?

One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor hurt Signup and view all the answers

Where do organisms live within a sponge?

Sponge canals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Binomial Nomenclature and Taxonomy

Developed by Carl Linnaeus, binomial nomenclature uses a two-word naming system for organisms.
Organisms are classified using the terms genus and species.
Linnaean taxonomy includes hierarchical divisions: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

Common Features and Specificity

Organisms within the same taxonomic group share common features, such as fur, shells, or scales.
Lower taxonomic levels denote groups with very specific features.

Rules for Scientific Naming

Scientific names must be in Latin or Greek and comprise two words.
Only the first word (genus) begins with an uppercase letter.
Both words must be underlined or italicized.

Invertebrates and Phylum Porifera

Approximately 97% of all animals are classified as invertebrates.
Phylum Porifera, commonly known as sponges, translates to "pore bearers."

Age and Characteristics of Sponges

Sponges are ancient organisms, with some dating back 2.5 billion years.
They are sessile filter feeders, meaning they do not move and feed by filtering water.

Feeding Mechanism

Sponges capture food using specialized cells called choanocytes equipped with flagella.

Structural Aspects

Sponges lack symmetry, true tissues, and organs.
Ostia are pores that allow water to enter, while the osculum is the large opening for water to exit.
Spicules, made from silica or calcium carbonate, provide structural support.

Cellular Functions

Amoebocytes digest and distribute nutrients within the sponge body.
Choanocytes draw water into the sponge and trap food particles.

Reproduction of Sponges

Sponges are typically hermaphroditic, containing both male and female reproductive organs.
They reproduce asexually through regeneration or sexually via broadcast spawning, which depends on environmental factors.

Ecological Relationships

Sponges may compete for resources with corals and bryozoans.
Few species act as predators of sponges.
Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, where both species benefit, and commensalism, where one benefits without affecting the other.

Habitat of Organisms

Various organisms can live within sponge canals, utilizing the sponge's structure for habitat.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classification of organisms with these flashcards. Learn about binomial nomenclature, Linnean divisions, and common features in organisms. A great resource for biology students studying taxonomy and the Phylum Porifera.