Questions and Answers
Who developed binomial nomenclature?
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)
What is an organism's scientific name composed of?
genus and species
Match the following Linnean divisions (Taxonomy) with their order:
Kingdom = Top level of classification Phylum = Second level of classification Class = Third level of classification Order = Fourth level of classification Family = Fifth level of classification Genus = Second to last level of classification Species = Last level of classification
What do organisms in the same group have in common?
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What do lower levels have to a smaller group of organisms?
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The four rules for species writing are: 1) Use ______ (Greek), 2) All species names must be ______ words, 3) Only ______ "uppercase" letter, the 1st letter of the 1st word (genus), 4) Both words underlined or in ______.
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How many percent of animals are invertebrates?
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What are Phylum Porifera?
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How old is one of the oldest organisms we call animals?
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What are sponges?
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How do sponges catch their food?
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Sponges have symmetry.
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Sponges have true tissues or organs.
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How do sponges help the ocean?
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What is the Ostia?
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What is the Osculum?
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What are Spicules?
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What are Amoebocytes?
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What are choanocytes?
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What does sponge hermaphroditic mean?
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How do sponges reproduce?
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Who do sponges have competition with?
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What is a predator-prey relationship?
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What is Symbiotic relationship Mutualism?
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What is Symbiotic relationship commensalism?
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Where do organisms live within a sponge?
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Study Notes
Binomial Nomenclature and Taxonomy
- Developed by Carl Linnaeus, binomial nomenclature uses a two-word naming system for organisms.
- Organisms are classified using the terms genus and species.
- Linnaean taxonomy includes hierarchical divisions: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Common Features and Specificity
- Organisms within the same taxonomic group share common features, such as fur, shells, or scales.
- Lower taxonomic levels denote groups with very specific features.
Rules for Scientific Naming
- Scientific names must be in Latin or Greek and comprise two words.
- Only the first word (genus) begins with an uppercase letter.
- Both words must be underlined or italicized.
Invertebrates and Phylum Porifera
- Approximately 97% of all animals are classified as invertebrates.
- Phylum Porifera, commonly known as sponges, translates to "pore bearers."
Age and Characteristics of Sponges
- Sponges are ancient organisms, with some dating back 2.5 billion years.
- They are sessile filter feeders, meaning they do not move and feed by filtering water.
Feeding Mechanism
- Sponges capture food using specialized cells called choanocytes equipped with flagella.
Structural Aspects
- Sponges lack symmetry, true tissues, and organs.
- Ostia are pores that allow water to enter, while the osculum is the large opening for water to exit.
- Spicules, made from silica or calcium carbonate, provide structural support.
Cellular Functions
- Amoebocytes digest and distribute nutrients within the sponge body.
- Choanocytes draw water into the sponge and trap food particles.
Reproduction of Sponges
- Sponges are typically hermaphroditic, containing both male and female reproductive organs.
- They reproduce asexually through regeneration or sexually via broadcast spawning, which depends on environmental factors.
Ecological Relationships
- Sponges may compete for resources with corals and bryozoans.
- Few species act as predators of sponges.
- Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, where both species benefit, and commensalism, where one benefits without affecting the other.
Habitat of Organisms
- Various organisms can live within sponge canals, utilizing the sponge's structure for habitat.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification of organisms with these flashcards. Learn about binomial nomenclature, Linnean divisions, and common features in organisms. A great resource for biology students studying taxonomy and the Phylum Porifera.