Classics in Neuroscience: Axonal Growth Cone and Signaling Molecules

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Questions and Answers

What was the outcome of the experiments conducted by Shorey and Detwiler in the early 20th century?

  • Understanding of embryonic development process
  • Characterization of neurotrophic and neurotrophic action
  • Identification of the role of muscle tissues in nerve cell sustenance (correct)
  • Discovery of NGF protein

What was the significant finding of Hamburger and Rita Levi-Montalcini's 1949 study?

  • Characterization of muscle tissue influence on nerve cell sustenance
  • Discovery of NGF protein
  • Identification of neurotrophic and neurotrophic action
  • Observation of naturally occurring nerve cell death during embryonic development (correct)

What was the contribution of Levi-Montalcini's work in the discovery of NGF?

  • Discovery of neurotrophic and neurotrophic action
  • Biochemical identification of NGF protein
  • Characterization of embryonic development process
  • Development of tissue culture assays for assessing growth factor levels (correct)

What is the term introduced by Wilhelm His to describe the branched extensions of neurons?

<p>Dendrites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of NGF in the field of neuroscience?

<p>It marked the advent of trophic factors controlling neuron targeting and survival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the axonal growth cone?

<p>To establish contact with target cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Cohen's biochemical analysis of tumor extracts?

<p>Biochemical identification of NGF protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the approaches of His and Ramón y Cajal, and Ross Harrison?

<p>The traditional histological approach vs. the experimental histological approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the class in terms of organizing connections?

<p>Contact Guidance Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Ross Harrison's experiment on axon formation?

<p>To address misconceptions about axon formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Bueker's experiment involving tumor, snake venom, and mouse submaxillary gland?

<p>Discovery of NGF protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the conceptualization of the axonal growth cone as a specialized structure?

<p>Ramón y Cajal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the method used by Ross Harrison in his experiment on axon formation?

<p>Dissecting small pieces of neural tube from frog embryos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key concept behind the chemoaffinity hypothesis proposed by Roger Sperry?

<p>Biochemical 'identification tags' for specific connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main idea behind Paul Weiss's Resonance Theory?

<p>Muscle contraction coordination and specific patterns of activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary experimental approach used by Roger Sperry in the 1940s to test the chemoaffinity hypothesis?

<p>Cutting the optic nerve and rotating the eye in newts, goldfish, and frogs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to John Langley's experiments, what was observed after cutting preganglionic fibers?

<p>Precise reinnervation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research in the 1980s and 1990s related to the chemoaffinity hypothesis?

<p>The identification of molecular tags and cell surface molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion drawn from Paul Weiss's experiments in 1934?

<p>Physical features in the culture dish guide axon alignment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept was anticipated by John Langley's speculation on chemical relations and chemotactic guidance?

<p>Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) concepts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the Contact Guidance Theory and the Resonance Theory?

<p>One relies on chemical signals, while the other relies on physical features (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current understanding of the molecules controlling cell-cell interactions in the nervous system?

<p>Multiple signal molecules, including NGF, control cell-cell interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of specific molecules guiding axons to different targets in the nervous system?

<p>Olfactory receptors guiding axons to different glomerular targets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of fast axonal transport?

<p>To deliver vesicles and components to the presynaptic active zone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Paul Weiss's ligature experiment?

<p>Net flow of material from the cell body to the periphery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of introducing radioactive tracers in axoplasmic transport studies?

<p>To obtain more precise measurements of axonal transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in understanding the organization of connections in the nervous system?

<p>Identifying individual cell-specific molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate speed of fast axonal transport?

<p>400 mm per day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical role of axonal transport in axonal growth?

<p>To link transport and growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microtubules in axonal transport?

<p>To provide the molecular basis for fast axonal transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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