Classical Optics: Geometrical vs Physical

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Explain the difference between geometrical (ray) optics and physical (wave) optics in classical optics.

Geometrical optics describes the propagation of light in terms of straight-line rays, while physical optics considers light to propagate as a wave and predicts phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization.

What does geometrical (ray) optics describe in terms of light propagation?

Geometrical optics describes the propagation of light in terms of 'rays' which travel in straight lines, and whose paths are governed by the laws of reflection and refraction at interfaces between different media.

What phenomena are predicted by physical (wave) optics that are not explained by geometric optics?

Physical optics predicts phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization, which are not explained by geometric optics.

Explain the principles of Electron optics and its applications.

<p>Electron optics studies the conditions and laws required for the formation and propagation of electron or ionic beams. It is essential for the design of electron optical devices such as electron microscopy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the types and design of electron lenses.

<p>Electron lenses can be designed as electrostatic lenses, magnetic lenses, or a combination of both. They are used to focus or deflect electron beams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the motion of electrons in uniform fields.

<p>Electrons in uniform fields follow paths determined by the field strength and direction, impacting the design of electron optical devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of electron microscopes and their applications?

<p>There are several types of electron microscopes including transmission electron microscopes (TEM), scanning electron microscopes (SEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM), each with specific applications in imaging and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do electrons' particle-wave properties impact their movement?

<p>Electrons exhibit both particle and wave properties, affecting their behavior in electron optical devices and microscopy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the electron source type with its corresponding brightness and cost characteristics:

<h1>Tungsten = Offers stable electron source with moderate brightness at lower cost Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) = Provides moderate brightness at a reasonable cost, suitable for some high current applications Field emission gun (FEG) = Offers extremely high brightness but at a significantly higher cost</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of a tungsten gun with their respective functions:

<h1>Filament = Heated to about 2700°C to release thermally excited electrons Wehnelt cylinder = Regulates the electron flow and focuses the beam Anode = Accelerates the extracted electrons and directs the electron beam down the column</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of electron current density with its impact on imaging system capabilities:

<h1>Brightness = Determines resolution, contrast, and signal-to-noise capabilities of the imaging system Angle of emission = Affects the direction and spread of the electron beam within the imaging system Current density per steradian solid angle = Represents the electron current density of the beam and its emission angle</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions with their corresponding electron source types:

<h1>Offers brightness up to 1000 times greater than tungsten emitters = Field emission gun (FEG) Suitable for some high current applications = Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) Comprises a filament, a Wehnelt cylinder, and an anode = Tungsten</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of a triode gun with their respective functions:

<h1>Filament = Heated to release thermally excited electrons Wehnelt cylinder = Regulates and focuses the electron flow Anode = Accelerates and directs the extracted electrons to form an electron beam</h1> Signup and view all the answers