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Questions and Answers
What is a concerto?
What is a concerto?
a large-scale work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra
What habits of Beethoven allowed a record of his struggle with musical material?
What habits of Beethoven allowed a record of his struggle with musical material?
carrying musical sketchbooks
Which of the following statements is not true?
Which of the following statements is not true?
- In a theme and variations movement, a basic musical idea is repeated over and over and is changed each time.
- Each variation in a theme and variations form movement is unique and may differ in mood from the theme.
- The form called theme and variations is widely used in the classical period, either as an independent piece or as one movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet.
- The first movement of Haydn's Surprise symphony is in theme and variations form. (correct)
How many string quartets and symphonies did Haydn compose?
How many string quartets and symphonies did Haydn compose?
Which of the following statements is not true?
Which of the following statements is not true?
What was the favored solo instrument in the classical concerto?
What was the favored solo instrument in the classical concerto?
What creates harmonic tension in the exposition of a sonata form movement?
What creates harmonic tension in the exposition of a sonata form movement?
Which movement in a symphony is most often lyrical and slow?
Which movement in a symphony is most often lyrical and slow?
What does Haydn's contract of employment show about his status?
What does Haydn's contract of employment show about his status?
How did Mozart's trip to Italy influence him?
How did Mozart's trip to Italy influence him?
Which of the following statements is not true about Mozart?
Which of the following statements is not true about Mozart?
What are short musical ideas or fragments of themes developed within a composition called?
What are short musical ideas or fragments of themes developed within a composition called?
A ______ is a musical composition that is usually light in mood and meant for evening entertainment.
A ______ is a musical composition that is usually light in mood and meant for evening entertainment.
Which of the following statements is not true regarding classical concertos?
Which of the following statements is not true regarding classical concertos?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minuet?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minuet?
Which of the following techniques did Beethoven not use to unify contrasting movements?
Which of the following techniques did Beethoven not use to unify contrasting movements?
In which aspects was Beethoven more extensive and explicit compared to earlier composers?
In which aspects was Beethoven more extensive and explicit compared to earlier composers?
Which statement is not true of the late eighteenth-century fortepiano?
Which statement is not true of the late eighteenth-century fortepiano?
What typically characterizes a string quartet?
What typically characterizes a string quartet?
The classical concerto differs from the symphony in that it does not have a _____ movement.
The classical concerto differs from the symphony in that it does not have a _____ movement.
What are the titles of Haydn's two popular oratorios?
What are the titles of Haydn's two popular oratorios?
What is a brilliant solo section in a concerto designed to display the performer's virtuosity?
What is a brilliant solo section in a concerto designed to display the performer's virtuosity?
In many of Beethoven's works, there is a _____ movement instead of the minuet.
In many of Beethoven's works, there is a _____ movement instead of the minuet.
What is the usual order of movements in a classical string quartet?
What is the usual order of movements in a classical string quartet?
What characterizes chamber music in comparison to symphony or concerto?
What characterizes chamber music in comparison to symphony or concerto?
What does the classical string quartet consist of?
What does the classical string quartet consist of?
In Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, how does the string bass part sound?
In Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, how does the string bass part sound?
What describes Beethoven's abilities as a pianist and his education?
What describes Beethoven's abilities as a pianist and his education?
How is unity achieved in the classical symphony?
How is unity achieved in the classical symphony?
What is a symphony?
What is a symphony?
What characterizes the closing section in the recapitulation of a sonata-form movement?
What characterizes the closing section in the recapitulation of a sonata-form movement?
What is a modulation from the home key to a new key in the exposition of a sonata form movement called?
What is a modulation from the home key to a new key in the exposition of a sonata form movement called?
How can the minuet be outlined?
How can the minuet be outlined?
Where was Mozart born?
Where was Mozart born?
When did the minuet first appear?
When did the minuet first appear?
What did the typical orchestra of the classical period consist of?
What did the typical orchestra of the classical period consist of?
What did Beethoven expand significantly in a sonata-form movement?
What did Beethoven expand significantly in a sonata-form movement?
Why is the return of the main theme in rondo form significant?
Why is the return of the main theme in rondo form significant?
What is the second movement of Haydn's Surprise symphony characterized by?
What is the second movement of Haydn's Surprise symphony characterized by?
What form does the minuet and trio movement of a classical symphony typically have?
What form does the minuet and trio movement of a classical symphony typically have?
Sonata form is frequently used as the form for which movement of a multimovement work?
Sonata form is frequently used as the form for which movement of a multimovement work?
What usually patterns after a dance in the movement of a sonata-type composition?
What usually patterns after a dance in the movement of a sonata-type composition?
Which family did Haydn have a fruitful relationship with in his career?
Which family did Haydn have a fruitful relationship with in his career?
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as ___.
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as ___.
Along with his symphonies, what works are considered Haydn's most important?
Along with his symphonies, what works are considered Haydn's most important?
Which of the following statements is not true?
Which of the following statements is not true?
At the end of a classical exposition, what typically indicates returning to the beginning of the section?
At the end of a classical exposition, what typically indicates returning to the beginning of the section?
Whose deeds did Beethoven's Third Symphony originally commemorate?
Whose deeds did Beethoven's Third Symphony originally commemorate?
Which of the following elements is usually not changed in varying the theme in theme and variations form?
Which of the following elements is usually not changed in varying the theme in theme and variations form?
How is a pause in the score of a concerto indicated?
How is a pause in the score of a concerto indicated?
What is considered Beethoven's greatest liturgical music?
What is considered Beethoven's greatest liturgical music?
Where was Joseph Haydn content to spend most of his life?
Where was Joseph Haydn content to spend most of his life?
How did composers in the classical period reflect middle-class tastes?
How did composers in the classical period reflect middle-class tastes?
Which of the following statements is not true of the music of the classical period?
Which of the following statements is not true of the music of the classical period?
What is the usual position of the minuet in a classical symphony?
What is the usual position of the minuet in a classical symphony?
Who finished Mozart's Requiem?
Who finished Mozart's Requiem?
Unlike the other movements in the symphony, which movement is generally not in the tonic key?
Unlike the other movements in the symphony, which movement is generally not in the tonic key?
Which of the following statements is not true?
Which of the following statements is not true?
By the age of six, what could Mozart do?
By the age of six, what could Mozart do?
What was the nature of Haydn and Mozart's relationship in Vienna?
What was the nature of Haydn and Mozart's relationship in Vienna?
What is the choral finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony based on?
What is the choral finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony based on?
Who conducted the public concerts presented by the Concert des Amateurs in Paris in the 1770s?
Who conducted the public concerts presented by the Concert des Amateurs in Paris in the 1770s?
Which symphonic movement is usually lacking in the concerto?
Which symphonic movement is usually lacking in the concerto?
Who is Don Giovanni in Mozart's opera?
Who is Don Giovanni in Mozart's opera?
What is another common rondo pattern?
What is another common rondo pattern?
In Beethoven's music, how is the coda often characterized?
In Beethoven's music, how is the coda often characterized?
Which of the following statements is not true of the minuet movement?
Which of the following statements is not true of the minuet movement?
What is the usual order of movements in a classical symphony?
What is the usual order of movements in a classical symphony?
What are the three main sections of a sonata-form movement often followed by?
What are the three main sections of a sonata-form movement often followed by?
What is a transitional passage leading to a contrasting section called?
What is a transitional passage leading to a contrasting section called?
What is the title of Beethoven's only opera?
What is the title of Beethoven's only opera?
What did comic operas sometimes do in the classical period?
What did comic operas sometimes do in the classical period?
What is the schematic outline of the rondo?
What is the schematic outline of the rondo?
What did Beethoven's late works include?
What did Beethoven's late works include?
What does the slow movement of a classical symphony generally not have?
What does the slow movement of a classical symphony generally not have?
How did political and economic power shift in the classical period?
How did political and economic power shift in the classical period?
How did composers reflect middle-class tastes in their music?
How did composers reflect middle-class tastes in their music?
Which statement is false regarding the classical orchestra?
Which statement is false regarding the classical orchestra?
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Study Notes
Concertos and Compositions
- A concerto features an instrumental soloist alongside an orchestra and consists of multiple movements.
- Beethoven meticulously documented his musical ideas in sketchbooks, showcasing his dedication to the craft.
- The classical concerto typically favors the piano as the solo instrument.
Classical Forms and Structures
- The theme and variations form allows for each variation to differ in mood, while retaining the original theme. Haydn's Surprise Symphony's first movement is not in this form.
- The minuet and trio is characterized as a dance in ABA form, often serving as the third movement in classical symphonies.
- Sonata form is frequently employed for the initial movement of multimovement works, and it includes sections like exposition, development, and recapitulation.
- A cadenza, a significant solo section in concertos, allows performers to showcase their virtuosity.
Haydn and Mozart
- Joseph Haydn contributed significantly to the classical repertoire, composed 68 string quartets and over 100 symphonies, and built a lasting relationship with the Esterházy family.
- Mozart's operatic style was influenced by his trip to Italy, enhancing his skill and creativity.
- Mozart's Requiem remained unfinished at his death and was completed by a pupil.
Beethoven's Innovations
- Beethoven enhanced the dramatic quality of the development section in sonata-form movements and frequently expanded coda sections in his compositions.
- His only opera, Fidelio, reflects a deep engagement with expressive themes and societal issues.
- The Third Symphony was originally composed in honor of Napoleon Bonaparte, highlighting themes of heroism.
Classical Music Characteristics
- Typical orchestras in the classical era consisted of strings, woodwinds, horns, trumpets, and timpani, but not trombones.
- Chamber music is performed by a unique arrangement of players, typically one per part, differentiating it from larger symphonic works.
- The classical period saw a blending of serious compositions with elements of folk and popular music, reflecting audience tastes.
Notable Musical Elements
- Motives, or short musical ideas, serve as the basis for development in compositions, while harmonic tension in sonata form arises from contrasting themes.
- The second movement of a symphony is often lyrical and usually not in the tonic key, differing from the opening movement.
- The coda of a sonata-form piece concludes the work by returning to the initial thematic material.
Historical Context
- The political and economic power during the classical period transitioned from the aristocracy to the middle class, influencing musical compositions.
- Comic operas often satirized the aristocracy, demonstrating a shift in societal attitudes reflected in the arts.
General Observations
- Variations in music often include changes in melody, harmony, rhythm, but the length of themes typically remains consistent.
- The minuet, first emerging in courtiers around 1650, showcases a lithe form that maintained popularity throughout the classical period.
- Beethoven's late works reflect his resilience and creativity, achieved despite the challenges of total deafness.
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