Class Bivalvia Characteristics Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are the characteristics of Class Bivalvia?

  • Shell typically of one valve
  • Shell typically of two hinged valves (correct)
  • Foot is not compressed
  • Presence of radula

    • Do Bivalvia have radula?

    False

    How are the shell valves closed?

    adductor muscles

    What is the foot of Bivalvia adapted for?

    <p>penetrate into the substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a rudimentary head mean?

    <p>not real</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a siphon?

    <p>mantle part that folds and forms an open tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the palp?

    <p>projection of mouth to help gather food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles after they enter the incurrent siphon?

    <p>Goes to gills which collect particles with cilia, then to the mouth area and into the guts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Bivalve Bauplan?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What modifications occur in the Bivalve foot during burrowing?

    <p>The distal end changes shape to go further into the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feeders are most Bivalves?

    <p>filter feeders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Other than filter feeding, what are some feeding methods of Bivalves?

    <p>Boring, wood boring, detritivore, carnivores, chemosynthetic bacteria association, zooxanthellae association, and a few are parasitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scallops and other clams can ___ to escape predators.

    <p>swim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of Bivalve feeding and digestion.

    <p>Labial palps to mouth to esophagus to stomach via extensive ciliary activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the crystalline style in the Bivalve stomach?

    <p>enzyme with lots of cilia that squishes food and releases enzyme for digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the style sac keep producing?

    <p>crystalline style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for Bivalve reproduction?

    <p>separate sexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trocophore larva?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is a veliger larva?

    <p>stage after the trocophore larval stage where the shell has started formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Bivalve reproduction?

    <p>may be a big event and will release eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pearls formed?

    <p>foreign bodies encysted in lamellar layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are shell shape and shell sculpture used for?

    <p>taxonomic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are different types of shell shapes?

    <p>irregular, elliptical, ovate, wedge shape, fan shape, trapezoidal, triangular, cylindrical, circular, elongate, quadrate, rostrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are different types of shell sculpture?

    <p>nodular radial ribs, finely cancellated, sharp radial ribs, commarginal ridged, beaded radial &amp; concentric ribs, bifurcating radial ribs, spinose, smooth, radially ribbed, irregular concentric and horizontal threads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Subclass Heterodonta?

    <p>largest group of bivalves, mostly marine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Subclass Protobranchia?

    <p>Marine, mostly deep-sea bivalves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Bivalves important?

    <p>food items (oyster, scallop, clams)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Bivalves ecologically important?

    <p>filter-feed therefore clean the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ecological role of oysters?

    <p>habitat forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clams are invasive and cause economic problems?

    <p>zebra and brown mussels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential environmental impact of zebra mussels?

    <p>over filter the water in certain areas which would get rid of the plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Class Bivalvia Characteristics

    • Bivalves possess a shell made of two hinged valves that close using adductor muscles.
    • They have a rudimentary head and lack a radula.
    • The foot is laterally compressed, enabling penetration into substrates.
    • Notable features include a pair of large bipectinate gills and a pair of nephridia.
    • The posterior edges of the mantle can form siphons.

    Feeding Mechanism

    • Food capture begins when particles enter the incurrent siphon and travel to the gills.
    • Gills use cilia to collect particles, guiding them to the mouth area, then to the stomach, intestines, and out via the excurrent siphon.
    • Bivalves are primarily filter feeders, but some species exhibit alternative feeding strategies, including boring, detritivory, carnivory, and symbiotic relationships with bacteria or zooxanthellae.

    Reproductive Strategies

    • Bivalve reproduction typically involves separate sexes.
    • Notable larval stages include the trochophore stage and the veliger stage, where shell formation begins.
    • Reproduction events often involve mass release of eggs into the water.

    Shell Characteristics

    • Shell shape varies, with forms including irregular, elliptical, wedge-shaped, fan-shaped, and more, which are used for taxonomic identification.
    • Shell sculpture varies with features such as nodular radial ribs and smooth surfaces, also utilized for classification.

    Subclassifications

    • Subclass Heterodonta is the largest group of bivalves and is mainly marine.
    • Subclass Protobranchia consists mostly of deep-sea bivalves.

    Ecological Roles

    • Bivalves are significant food sources (e.g., oysters, clams, scallops) and play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems by filter-feeding, which helps clean water.
    • Oysters provide habitat structures, promoting biodiversity.

    Invasive Species

    • Zebra and brown mussels are invasive bivalve species known to cause economic damage.
    • Zebra mussels can over-filter water, depleting plankton populations in certain regions.

    Unique Features

    • Pearls form as foreign bodies are encysted within layers of shell material.
    • Bivalves possess a crystalline style in their stomach, which aids in digestion through mechanical and enzymatic processes.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the characteristics of Class Bivalvia from the Phylum Mollusca with these flashcards. Learn about their shell structure, feeding mechanisms, and other unique features. Perfect for students studying marine biology or invertebrate zoology.

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