Questions and Answers
What is the key difference between inexhaustible natural resources and exhaustible natural resources?
Inexhaustible natural resources are renewable sources of energy that are replenished at a rate faster than that at which they are consumed, whereas exhaustible natural resources are non-renewable sources of energy that are consumed at a rate faster than that at which they are replenished.
What are fossil fuels, and how were they formed?
Fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which were formed from the dead remains of living organisms.
What is the significance of geothermal energy?
Geothermal energy is a renewable source of energy that uses the heat energy inside the earth.
What are the by-products of coal, and what are their uses?
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What is the impact of burning fossil fuels on the environment?
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What is the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal called?
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What are the products obtained from coal?
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What is coal tar, and what is it used for?
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How are the components of petroleum separated?
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What are some products obtained from petroleum?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Natural Resources
- There are two types of natural resources: inexhaustible (renewable) and exhaustible (non-renewable) resources.
Inexhaustible Natural Resources
- Renewable sources of energy that are replenished at a rate faster than their consumption.
- Examples: tidal energy, wave energy, ocean thermal energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, and nuclear energy.
- Solar energy is efficient for small-scale electricity production and can be used in solar cookers and water heaters.
- Geothermal energy is heat energy from inside the Earth.
- Nuclear energy is a never-ending source that is more environmentally friendly.
Exhaustible Natural Resources
- Non-renewable sources of energy consumed at a rate faster than their replenishment.
- Examples: forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
- Fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas formed from dead remains of living organisms.
- Burning of fossil fuels releases gases like carbon dioxide, causing greenhouse effect and air pollution.
Coal
- A fossil fuel, hard, solid, and black in color.
- Formed from dead plants buried under soil, converted under high temperature and pressure.
- Uses: fuel for cooking, railway engines, thermal power stations to generate electricity.
- Products: coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
Products from Coal
- Coke: a tough, porous, and black substance, pure form of carbon used in steel extraction and metal production.
- Coal tar: a black, thick liquid with unpleasant smell, mixture of about 200 substances used in dyes, drugs, paints, and perfumes.
- Coal gas: a fuel used in industries, obtained during coke production.
Petroleum
- Formed from dead sea organisms, products include petrol, diesel, kerosene, paraffin wax, lubricating oil, and petroleum gas.
- Refining: the process of separating petroleum constituents, done in fractionating columns.
- Fractions with higher boiling points are collected at the bottom, and those with lower boiling points are collected at the top.
Cracking and Natural Gas
- No additional information provided in the text.
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