Class 7 Book Chapter: Transportation in Animals and Plants Quiz

Class 7 Book Chapters: Transportation in Animals and Plants

In our journey through science, Chapter 7 often delves into the fascinating world of how living organisms move materials within themselves and across their environments. Two key areas of this chapter are the study of transportation in both animals and plants—how they transport essential resources so they can survive and thrive. This exploration provides us with insights into nature's symphony of motion.

Animal Transportation Systems

Animal transportation is all about moving nutrients, waste products, hormones, water, gases, etc., from one part of the body to another. There are three primary modes of transportation:

1. Diffusion: A simple process where substances move randomly down concentration gradients. Examples include carbon dioxide exiting red blood cells and oxygen entering them via the lungs.

2. Osmosis: Similar to diffusion but driven by differences in solute concentrations across semipermeable membranes. Osmotic pressure helps maintain homeostasis throughout animal bodies.

3. Active Transport: Using energy, such as ATP, to pump molecules uphill against concentration or electrochemical gradients. For instance, glucose uptake through cellular membranes relies upon active transport.

The circulatory system plays a vital role in animal transportation. It consists of the heart and blood vessels that deliver nutrient-rich blood to various tissues while removing waste products, allowing for efficient exchange of necessary materials. For example, blood transports oxygen to working muscles and removes lactic acid generated during exercise.

Plant Transportation Systems

Plant transportation systems differ significantly from those found in animals due to structural adaptations. Plants do not possess specialized organs like hearts; instead, they rely on processes occurring within plant organs and their interconnected structures.

1. Transportation of Water and Dissolved Nutrients: Routes involve movement of these materials between roots, stems, leaves, and other parts. Xylem—specialized tubes made of dead cells—transports water and dissolved minerals upwards, while phloem facilitates sugar and photosynthetic product flow in the opposite direction.

2. Gaseous Exchange: Carbon dioxide enters stomata (tiny pores) and diffuses into leaf cells for photosynthesis, while oxygen released during respiration passes out of the plant through the very same stomatal pathways.

From the smallest bacterium to the tallest tree, understanding transportation mechanisms in animals and plants lays a solid foundation for grasping complex biological concepts and enriches our appreciation of life around us. By exploring the elegance behind these intricate processes, we gain insight into the inner workings of living beings and marvel at the harmonious balance inherent to the natural world.