Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of blocking drugs like naltrexone in addiction treatment?
What is the primary purpose of blocking drugs like naltrexone in addiction treatment?
What immediate effect does disulfiram have when a person consumes alcohol while on it?
What immediate effect does disulfiram have when a person consumes alcohol while on it?
Which of the following therapies is characterized by replacing a substance with a safer alternative?
Which of the following therapies is characterized by replacing a substance with a safer alternative?
Why might cravings for substances take a few weeks to lessen after administering blocking drugs?
Why might cravings for substances take a few weeks to lessen after administering blocking drugs?
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Which component is crucial for the effectiveness of drug substitution therapy?
Which component is crucial for the effectiveness of drug substitution therapy?
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What is a primary benefit of drug substitution therapy?
What is a primary benefit of drug substitution therapy?
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Which components make up Suboxone?
Which components make up Suboxone?
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What is the function of naloxone in opioid treatment?
What is the function of naloxone in opioid treatment?
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What is the reason quitting 'cold-turkey' is often ineffective for addiction?
What is the reason quitting 'cold-turkey' is often ineffective for addiction?
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Which of the following best describes drug substitution therapy?
Which of the following best describes drug substitution therapy?
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What primarily characterizes physical dependence in addiction?
What primarily characterizes physical dependence in addiction?
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Which of the following best describes psychological dependence?
Which of the following best describes psychological dependence?
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How does operant conditioning relate to drug use as described in the content?
How does operant conditioning relate to drug use as described in the content?
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Which of the following is a goal of addiction treatment?
Which of the following is a goal of addiction treatment?
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What role do neutral cues play in addiction according to the information?
What role do neutral cues play in addiction according to the information?
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What does 'conditioned tolerance' refer to in the context of addiction?
What does 'conditioned tolerance' refer to in the context of addiction?
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In discussing treatment goals, what caution is suggested regarding the goal of abstinence?
In discussing treatment goals, what caution is suggested regarding the goal of abstinence?
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How might genetic susceptibility to addiction influence treatment approaches?
How might genetic susceptibility to addiction influence treatment approaches?
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Study Notes
Class 32 - Addiction
- Addiction class plan for the day included learning models, treatment, and the big picture.
- A nasal spray, Narcan, was pictured, which contains 4mg.
Physical vs. Psychological Dependence
- Physical dependence involves brain changes requiring the drug for normal function.
- Psychological dependence involves emotional and mental processes associated with substance use disorder (SUD) development.
Physical Dependence
- Synaptic changes require the drug for normal function.
- Examples include addicted newborns and dopamine receptor density.
Psychological Dependence
- Emotional and mental processes relate to the drug itself or behavior.
- Behavioral addictions, without a substance, also show physiological changes.
Addiction as a Learned Behavior
- Learning how addiction occurs as a behavior.
Operant Conditioning and Drug Use
- How operant conditioning might be involved in drug use.
Conditioned Withdrawal
- Opioid users going through therapy were drug-free for months.
- When discussing drugs, withdrawal symptoms appeared.
- This shows evidence of psychological dependence.
Operant Conditioning and Drug Use
- How operant conditioning impacts drug use is noted.
Drug Opposite CR's
- Drug opposite CR is noted.
Conditioned Withdrawal
- Conditioned withdrawal is noted.
Conditioned Tolerance
- Conditioned tolerance is noted.
Drug-like CR's
- Drug-like CR's are noted.
Cue-Induced Wanting
- Neutral cues can trigger cravings for drugs.
Opioid-Related Deaths in Canada
- A graph shows opioid-related deaths in Canada over time, along with different scenarios and data sources.
Opioid-Related Deaths in Nova Scotia
- A table details confirmed and probable acute opioid toxicity deaths in Nova Scotia, from 2011 to 2022.
Goals of Treatment
- Stop using drugs.
- Promote healthier lifestyles (reduce stress).
- Decrease dependency (detox).
- End addiction.
- Coping skills and self-esteem.
- Social benefits—improve relationships and reduce legal problems.
Goal of Treatment
- Preventing a relapse back into drug abuse, especially if genetically susceptible.
- Psychological support beyond abstinence is needed.
Categories of Treatment
- Information and general health strategies (peer support, outreach services, needle exchanges).
- Drug cessation.
- Detoxification (getting through withdrawal).
- Drug substitution therapy (using safer drugs).
- Blocking or aversive drugs.
- After detoxification, reduce/eliminate reinforcing effects.
- Psychosocial therapy and support groups.
Blocking or Aversive Drugs
- Administered after detoxification.
- Blocking (antagonists) reduce drug effects.
- Reduce reinforcing effects (examples include naltrexone).
- Aversive agents create negative effects when the drug is used—punishment.
- Example: Disulfiram.
Naltrexone
- Competitive antagonist at some opioid receptors.
- Reduces alcohol use and frequency for those taking it an hour before their dose.
- Reduces positively reinforcing effects from alcohol.
- Decreases heroin use and overdose risk.
- Reducing cravings takes a few weeks with both drugs.
Disulfiram
- A drug that causes unpleasant effects (hangover symptoms) when alcohol is consumed.
Drug Substitution Therapy
- The use of a safer drug to replace a problematic substance (heroin, nicotine).
- Example: Methadone (synthetic opioid agonist) for managing opioid dependence.
- Why this might be safer: Regulated supply, pure formulation, less likely to cause an overdose, combined with antagonists to lower the effect.
Drug Substitution/ Maintenance Therapy
- Methadone (synthetic opioid agonist).
- Nicotine patch (same compound without harmful toxins).
- Suboxone (buprenorphine—opioid agonist AND naloxone—opioid antagonist).
- Naloxone breaks down when taken orally.
Naloxone (Narcan)
- Non-selective and competitive opioid receptor antagonist.
- Used to treat heroin and other overdoses.
- Easy to use nasal spray (OTC in 2016).
- 46 Nova Scotians died from overdoses this year, as of an article's publication date.
Treatment Options
- Quitting cold-turkey is not very effective.
- Need to combat physiological and psychological dependencies.
- Need social support (groups and therapists).
Addiction Summary
- Drugs disrupt neurotransmission, creating physical and psychological dependencies.
- Treatment options for addiction and drug use.
- Social factors impact addiction (addressed in a future class).
Quiz Information
- A review quiz is scheduled for Wednesday by 10 am, on Moodle.
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Description
Explore the complexities of addiction in this quiz, covering both physical and psychological dependence, as well as the impact of learned behaviors. Learn about treatment models, the neurobiological changes associated with substance use, and the role of operant conditioning in addiction. Ideal for students studying addiction and its multifaceted nature.
