Class 19: Analyzing Culture and Social Change
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of the irrational in civilization according to Freud?

  • The unconscious desire for social change
  • The unconscious desire for sexuality (correct)
  • The unconscious desire for aggression
  • The unconscious desire for power

    • Which philosopher's work can be seen as an attempt to annihilate the Sophists' negative mimetic powers?

  • Plato (correct)
  • Sören Kierkegaard
  • Karl Löwith
  • René Girard

    • What is the term used to describe the process of imitation in Girard's mimetic theory?

  • Mimicry
  • Imitation
  • Simulation
  • Mimetism (correct)

    • Who is credited with attributing the function of the basic mechanism of social order and change to imitation?

    <p>Gabriel Tarde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of René Girard's 1961 book on literary structure?

    <p>Deceit, Desire and the Novel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the destructive tendency in human behavior according to Freud?

    <p>Destructive aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Max Weber's perspective on the impact of modern culture on human happiness?

    <p>He was sceptical about the overall increase in human happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea of Marx's concept of social alienation?

    <p>The dehumanizing effects of capitalism on the working class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Rene Girard's mimetic anthropology?

    <p>The study of human culture and history through the lens of imitation and desire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what is the primary source of discontent in civilization?

    <p>The repression of the human instincts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by Max Weber to describe the dominant ethos of modern industrial society?

    <p>Rationalist and utilitarian ethos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common theme among the theories of Weber, Marx, Freud, and Girard?

    <p>The critique of modern industrial society and its effects on human culture and psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metaphor used to describe the modern capitalist system in the given text?

    <p>An iron cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of modernity according to the text?

    <p>Technical and economic conditions of machine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the increasing power of material goods over human lives?

    <p>An inexorable power over human lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of Baxter mentioned in the text?

    <p>That the care for external goods should only lie on the shoulders of the 'saint like a light cloak'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the statement 'the spirit of religious asceticism—whether finally, who knows?—has escaped from the cage'?

    <p>That the influence of religious asceticism on human life is still uncertain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary theme of the text?

    <p>The psychology of social change and modernity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber, cultural values lead to a sense of purpose and fulfillment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marx believed that the modern industrial factory allows workers to express their creativity and find pleasure in their labor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber's concept of rationalization is synonymous with the concept of disenchantment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marx viewed capitalism as a system that promotes human flourishing and creativity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber believed that the pursuit of cultural values leads to a sense of existential connection and fulfillment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marx saw the modern industrial factory as a means of promoting humanism and creative work.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modernity is characterized by a complete elimination of material goods' influence on human lives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The iron cage metaphor refers to the empowering effect of capitalist modernity on human creativity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber's perspective on modernity is that it is driven by the principles of humanism and creative work.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Baxter's view is that the care for external goods should be a dominant concern in one's life.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text suggests that the increasing power of material goods over human lives has led to a sense of fulfillment and happiness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spirit of religious asceticism has been completely extinguished in modern society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the given text, the worker's activity in the industrial factory is a spontaneous activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Freud believed that the advancement of modern civilization guarantees increased happiness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marx believed that the modern industrial factory leads to self-realization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text suggests that the outcome of industrialization is the enhancement of human creative work.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modern civilization is characterized by a sense of community and shared values.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text implies that the workers are in control of the fruits of their labor in a capitalist system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marx mean by the phrase 'labour of self-sacrifice' in the context of industrial factory?

    <p>It refers to the external labour in which man alienates himself, and is a loss of his self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Freud's concept of 'discontents of civilization' relate to the impact of modern civilization on human happiness?

    <p>Freud argues that despite technological advances increasing comfort, luxury and well-being, they do not guarantee increased happiness; instead, they place demands on people, affecting their everyday life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metaphor used by Marx to describe the relationship between the worker's activity and the industrial factory?

    <p>The metaphor is that of religion, where the worker's activity is not their spontaneous activity, but belongs to another, and is the loss of their self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the increasing power of material goods over human lives?

    <p>It does not guarantee increased happiness, but rather places demands on people, affecting their everyday life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of Marx's concept of alienation in the context of industrial factory?

    <p>It implies that workers are not in control of the fruits of their labor, and are instead alienated from their true human potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text portray the relationship between modern industrialization and human creative work?

    <p>The text suggests that modern industrialization leads to the loss of human creative work and self-realization, and instead, promotes alienation and exploitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Max Weber view the advancement of cultural values in modern society?

    <p>Weber believes that the advancement of cultural values leads to a sense of senselessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the modern industrial factory on the worker according to Marx?

    <p>The modern industrial factory leads to alienation, denying the worker's creative capacities and pleasure in labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the increasing power of material goods over human lives?

    <p>The increasing power of material goods leads to a devastating senselessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea of Marx's concept of social alienation?

    <p>Social alienation is the denial of human creative capacities and pleasure in labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cultural values and senselessness according to Weber?

    <p>Cultural values lead to senselessness, as they become a pointless hustle in the service of worthless ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of humanism and creative work in the modern industrial factory according to Marx?

    <p>The modern industrial factory denies human creative capacities and pleasure in labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metaphor used to describe the modern capitalist system in the given text, and what does it symbolize?

    <p>The metaphor is the 'iron cage', which symbolizes the oppressive and suffocating nature of capitalist modernity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the increasing power of material goods affected human lives?

    <p>The increasing power of material goods has gained an 'inexorable power over the lives of men' and has determined their lives with 'irresistible force'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the statement 'the spirit of religious asceticism—whether finally, who knows?—has escaped from the cage'?

    <p>The implication is that the spirit of religious asceticism has broken free from the confines of the 'iron cage' of capitalist modernity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of modernity according to the text?

    <p>The primary driver of modernity is the 'technical and economic conditions of machine production'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Baxter's view on the care for external goods?

    <p>Baxter's view is that the care for external goods should only lie on the shoulders of the 'saint like a light cloak, which can be thrown aside at any moment'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the increasing power of material goods over human lives, according to the text?

    <p>The outcome is that material goods have gained an 'inexorable power over the lives of men' and have determined their lives with 'irresistible force'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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