Class 12 Physics - Nuclei Quiz

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Questions and Answers

When a radioactive nucleus emits a beta particle, how do the parent and daughter nuclei relate to each other?

The parent and daughter nuclei are isobars, as they have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

What is the source of the Sun's radiant energy?

The Sun's radiant energy is produced by nuclear fusion, where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium.

Identify the commonly used moderator in nuclear reactors.

Water is commonly used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.

Why is the neutron considered the most effective bullet in nuclear reactions?

Neutrons are effective because they have no charge and can penetrate nuclei without being repelled. Signup and view all the answers

Compare Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion with one key difference.

Nuclear fission involves the splitting of heavy nuclei, while nuclear fusion involves the combining of light nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of Kirchhoff's Current Law in electrical circuits.

Kirchhoff's Current Law is significant because it ensures that charge is conserved at any junction, meaning the total current entering equals the total current leaving the junction. Signup and view all the answers

What does Kirchhoff's Voltage Law tell us about closed loops in electrical circuits?

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the sum of the voltages in any closed loop must equal zero, reflecting energy conservation in the circuit. Signup and view all the answers

How do capacitors and inductors differ in terms of energy storage?

Capacitors store energy in an electric field, while inductors store energy in a magnetic field. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of impedance in AC circuits?

Impedance in AC circuits represents the total opposition to the flow of alternating current, combining both resistance and reactance. Signup and view all the answers

Contrast the key characteristics of DC circuits and AC circuits.

DC circuits use direct current that flows continuously in one direction, whereas AC circuits use alternating current that reverses direction periodically. Signup and view all the answers

Define electric current and its unit of measurement.

Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A). Signup and view all the answers

What does Ohm's Law state?

Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between power, voltage, and current.

Electrical power is given by P = IV, which relates power to both voltage and current. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes conductors from insulators?

Conductors allow the flow of electric current, while insulators resist this flow. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how resistors in series behave.

In series, resistors add their resistances together to determine total resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a simple circuit composed of?

A simple circuit consists of a power source, a load, and connecting wires. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a short circuit?

A short circuit occurs when there is an extremely low resistance path, leading to high current flow. Signup and view all the answers

How is electrical energy measured and represented over time?

Electrical energy is measured in Joules (J) or Watt-hours (Wh). Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Beta particle emission effect on nuclei

Beta particle emission changes the atomic number of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of a different element, but the mass number remains approximately the same. The parent and daughter nuclei are isotopes.

Source of Sun's energy?

The Sun's radiant energy comes from nuclear fusion, where lighter atomic nuclei combine to form heavier ones, releasing tremendous energy.

Nuclear reactor moderator

Moderators in nuclear reactors slow down neutrons to increase the probability of fission events. Common moderators include graphite, water, and heavy water (D2O).

Neutron effectiveness in nuclear reactions

Neutrons are effective in nuclear reactions because they are uncharged, meaning they are not repelled by the positive charges in the nucleus. This allows them to approach the nucleus closely and induce various interactions.