16 Questions
What is the use of biology to develop technologies and products for the welfare of human beings known as?
Biotechnology
What is the most important application of genetically modified organisms in agriculture?
Formation of pest-resistant plants
Which bacterium produces a toxin with insecticidal activity, important for pest-resistant crops?
Bacillus thuringiensis
Which of the following is NOT an application of biotechnology in agriculture?
Fossil fuel production
What can be obtained by altering the genetic material of organisms?
Genetically modified organisms (GMO)
Which of the following is NOT an application of biotechnology in agriculture using genetically modified organisms?
Fossil fuel extraction
Which type of pests can Bt cotton provide resistance against?
Lepidopterans, coleopterans, and dipterans
What is the purpose of inserting the Bt toxin gene into cotton plants?
To kill insects that damage the cotton plants
What is the role of RNA interference technology in preventing yield loss in tobacco plants?
Silencing a specific mRNA to prevent nematode infection
What is the main contribution of biotechnology to the medicine industry?
Formation of genetically modified insulin for diabetes treatment
Which technique helps in disease diagnosis through antigen and antibody reactions?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
What is gene therapy used for?
Correcting hereditary diseases by replacing abnormal genes
What was the first hereditary disease treated using gene therapy?
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
How does the Bt toxin kill insects that enter the body of the insect?
$\text{It binds to the midgut producing cells causing them to swell and eventually kills the insect}$
What provides pest resistance in Bt cotton?
Complementary dsRNA molecules
What was a previous method used to treat Adenosine deaminase deficiency before gene therapy?
Bone marrow transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy
Study Notes
Biotechnology Applications
- Biotechnology is used to develop technologies and products for the welfare of human beings, known as biomedical applications.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Agriculture
- The most important application of GMOs in agriculture is pest resistance.
- A bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), produces a toxin with insecticidal activity, important for pest-resistant crops.
- Bt cotton provides resistance against lepidopteran pests.
Biotechnology in Agriculture
- Inserting the Bt toxin gene into cotton plants prevents pest damage.
- RNA interference technology helps in preventing yield loss in tobacco plants.
- Biotechnology is not used for fertilizer production in agriculture.
Biotechnology in Medicine
- The main contribution of biotechnology to the medicine industry is the development of diagnostic techniques and gene therapy.
- The technique that helps in disease diagnosis through antigen and antibody reactions is immunoassay.
- Gene therapy is used to treat genetic disorders.
- The first hereditary disease treated using gene therapy was Adenosine deaminase deficiency.
- Previously, Adenosine deaminase deficiency was treated using enzyme replacement therapy.
Bt Toxin Mechanism
- The Bt toxin kills insects by forming a pore in the insect's gut, causing swelling and eventual death.
- The Bt toxin provides pest resistance in Bt cotton.
Explore the various applications of biotechnology in fields such as therapeutics, diagnostics, agriculture, and more. Learn about the use of biology to develop technologies and products for the welfare of human beings.
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