30 Questions
What are the four life processes that must go together for the maintenance of life in living organisms?
Respiration, Nutrition, Excretion, and Transportation
What is the process of nutrition involved in?
The intake of nutrients, utilization of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, and absorption of water
What is the significance of nutrition in living organisms?
It provides energy and building blocks for growth and maintenance of living organisms
What are the nutrients involved in the process of nutrition?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
What is the role of an organism in the process of nutrition?
An organism prepares its own food and utilizes nutrients for growth and maintenance
Why is nutrition an essential process for living organisms?
It provides energy and building blocks for growth and maintenance of living organisms
What is the process called when an organism takes in food?
Ingestion
What is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of plants from the soil?
osmosis
What is the function of pseudopodia in Amoeba?
To ingest food and form a food vacuole
Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant cell?
chloroplasts
What happens to the undigested food in Amoeba?
It is thrown out of the cell membrane
What is the role of stomata in photosynthesis?
exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) and water vapor
Where does the process of assimilation take place?
into the blood stream
What is the process called when food is broken down into simple molecules?
Digestion
What is the sequence of events in obtaining nutrition in organisms?
Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion
What is the role of enzymes in Amoeba?
To break down food into simple molecules
How do autotrophs obtain their nutrition?
directly from the environment through photosynthesis
What type of movement helps in the mixing of food in the stomach?
peristaltic movement
What is the main function of the xylem vessels in plants?
transportation of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
What is the purpose of assimilation in Amoeba?
To obtain energy and materials for growth and repair
What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?
breaks proteins into simpler substances
What is the function of gastric glands in the stomach?
to produce pepsinogen and HCl
What is the process called when undigested food is removed from the body?
Egestion (Excretion)
What is the enzyme called that breaks down starch into maltose?
amylase
What is the function of HCl in the stomach?
to create an acidic environment for the activation of gastric enzymes, such as pepsin, to break down proteins
What is the role of bile juice in the digestion of fats?
to emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller particles, making it easier for lipase to digest them
What is the site of protein digestion?
in the small intestine, where trypsin and other proteases break down proteins into amino acids
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
to increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
What is the role of pancreatic juice in the digestion of carbohydrates?
pancreatic juice contains enzymes such as amylase that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
glucose
Study Notes
Nutrition
- Nutrition is the process by which an organism prepares its own food and nutrients.
- It involves the intake of food, digestion, absorption, and utilization of nutrients.
- Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
Nutrition in Amoeba
- Amoeba ingests food particles using its pseudopodia.
- The food enters the food vacuole, where it is broken down by enzymes.
- The simple molecules are then absorbed into the cytoplasm through diffusion.
- The absorbed nutrients are utilized for energy, growth, and repair.
- Undigested food is removed from the cell through egestion.
Nutrition in Humans
- Nutrition involves the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation.
- Ingestion occurs in the mouth, where food is broken down into smaller molecules.
- Digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine, where enzymes break down food into absorbable molecules.
- Absorption occurs in the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Assimilation occurs in the cells, where absorbed nutrients are utilized for energy, growth, and repair.
Digestion
- Digestion is the process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules.
- It involves the action of enzymes, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- Digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
Mouth
- Digestion begins in the mouth, where food is broken down into smaller molecules.
- Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase, which breaks down starch into sugars.
- Teeth help in chewing and grinding food.
Stomach
- The stomach is a muscular sac that secretes digestive juices.
- Gastric glands in the stomach wall produce pepsinogen, which is converted into pepsin in the presence of HCl.
- Pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides.
- Mucus in the stomach lining protects the stomach from the acidic digestive juices.
Small Intestine
- The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal.
- It is the site of complete digestion and absorption of nutrients.
- Pancreatic juice and bile juice are secreted into the small intestine to aid in digestion.
- The walls of the small intestine are lined with finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption.
- Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver for further processing.
Review notes and practice questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6: Nutrition & Digestion, covering key concepts and past year questions. Suitable for students preparing for Class 10 exams.
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