Class 10 Nationalism in India: Historical Context and Impact

Historical Context of Nationalism in India

• Late 19th century: Indian nationalism emerged as a response to British colonial rule, which had drained India's wealth and suppressed its economy, culture, and institutions.
• Social reform movements, such as the Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj, laid the groundwork for nationalist sentiment.

Key Players in the Nationalist Movement

• Indian National Congress (INC): founded in 1885, it became the primary vehicle for nationalist activity, with leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Motilal Nehru.
• Mahatma Gandhi: played a pivotal role in the nationalist movement, using non-violent civil disobedience to challenge British rule, including the Salt March and Quit India Movement.
• Subhas Chandra Bose: founded the Forward Bloc and led the Indian National Army, which allied with Japan to fight against British colonial rule.

Impact of Nationalism on India's Struggle for Independence

• Increased unity and organization among Indians, leading to widespread protests and demonstrations against British rule.
• Shift from moderate to radical nationalism, with demands for full independence rather than just constitutional reform.
• Ultimately contributed to India's independence in 1947, with the British government finally conceding to Indian self-rule.